In the analysis of experimental data, randomization checks, also known as balance tests, are used to indicate whether a randomization has produced balance on various characteristics across experimental conditions. Randomization checks are popular in many fields although their merits have yet to be established. The grounds on which balance tests are generally justified include either 1) the cred...

Randomization plays a fundamental role in clinical trials. While many m­odern­ clinical­ trials­ employ­ restricted,­ stratified­or­ covariate-adaptive­ randomization designs that pursue balance in treatment assignments and­ balance­ across­ important­ covariates,­ some­ clinical­ trials­ call­ for­ response-adaptive­ or­ covariate-adjusted­ response-adaptive­ (CARA)­ randomization­ designs­ to...