Four methods of downscaling daily rainfall sequences from general circulation model (GCM) simulations are intercompared over Senegal, using a 13-station network of daily observations during July–September 1961–98. The local scaling method calibrates raw GCM daily rainfall at the closest grid point to a given station so that the climatological distribution of rainfall matches the observed one. T...

Editor's Note: These short, critical reviews of recent papers in the Journal, written exclusively by graduate students or postdoctoral fellows, are intended to summarize the important findings of the paper and provide additional insight and commentary. For more information on the format and purpose of the Journal Club, please see Review of Cai et al. Understanding the functional organization of...

The use and nature of radioactive iodine (RAI) are complex topics for patients with thyroid conditions to understand. Fear and anxiety over its use, misinformation in patient advocacy books and on the Internet, medical jargon, confusion regarding postscanning and posttreatment procedures, patient literacy, thyroid health status, and several other socioeconomic factors can create serious barrier...

AIM Cigarette smoking is one of the major risk factors for cardiovascular diseases and induces deleterious vascular damage. Oxidative stress is involved in vascular inflammation, the process of atherosclerosis. The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether the effects of oxidative stress on the arterial wall differ between smokers and non-smokers. METHODS Male smokers and non-sm...

OBJECTIVE Radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy in medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is applied in some centers, based on the assumption that cross-irradiation from thyroid follicular cells may be beneficial. However, no systematic studies on the effect of RAI treatment in MTC have been performed. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of RAI treatment on survival in MTC patients. DESIGN ...

Thyroid cancer incidence is increasing all over the world - mostly due to an increase in the detection of small tumors that were previously undetected. A small percentage of these tumors lose the ability to uptake and/or to respond to radioiodine (RAI) therapy, especially in metastatic patients. There are several new therapeutic options that have emerged in the last 5 years to treat RAI refract...

To define further the role of marrow T suppressor lymphocytes in the pathogenesis of the hypoproliferative anemia in all Rai clinical stages of B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), marrow erythroid progenitor cell (CFU-E and BFU-E) frequency, marrow T gamma lymphocyte frequency per 1,000 nucleated marrow cells, and T cell-erythroid progenitor cell interactions were examined in 30 CLL pati...

Rai/ShcC is a member of the Shc family of protein adaptors expressed with the highest abundance in the central nervous system, where it exerts a protective function by coupling neurotrophic receptors to the PI3K/Akt survival pathway. Rai is also expressed, albeit at lower levels, in other cell types, including T and B lymphocytes. We have previously reported that in these cells Rai attenuates a...

OBJECTIVE To describe the outcomes with the selective use of radioactive iodine (RAI) in patients who are at intermediate risk of death from papillary thyroid cancer, focusing on 2 subgroups: patients older than 45 years with low-risk tumors and patients younger than 45 years with high-risk tumors. DESIGN Retrospective case review. SETTING Tertiary referral US cancer center. PATIENTS The study ...

Maize is one of the most important cereal food crops, and it can be grown all year in various agroecological zones. However, its vegetative growth yield are susceptible to rainfall temperature variability. As a result, analysis variability trend was urgently needed maize-growing agroecology zones restructure production system. The aim study examine trends for developing climate-resilient maize ...