Within renewable energy, challenging climates can impose great limitations on power generation. In wind rain erosion turbine blades create major disruptions to air flow over the aerofoil, reducing efficiency of blade and immediately affecting output turbine. The defects in materials that cause these inefficiencies are known be observed turbines have been operation for extended periods. This wor...

The RAIN and CLIMEX experiments at Risdalsheia, southernmost Norway, together cover 17 years (1984-2000) of whole-catchment manipulation of acid deposition and climate. A 1200 m2 roof placed over the forest canopy at KIM catchment excluded about 80% of ambient acid deposition; clean rain was sprinkled under the roof. A climate change treatment (3.7oC increase in air temperature and increase in ...

Realistic modeling of infiltration, runoff and erosion processes from watersheds requires estimation of the effective hydraulic conductivity (Km) of the hillslope soils and how it varies with soil tilth, depth and cover conditions. Field rainfall simulation (RS) plot studies provide an opportunity to assess the surface soil hydraulic and erodibility conditions, but a standardized interpretation...

*Katharina Helming, Center for Agricultural Landscape and Land Use Research (ZALF), Eberswalder Str. 84, D-15374 Muencheberg, Germany. *Corresponding author: [email protected] ABSTRACT The kinetic energy of rainstorms plays a paramount role in surface sealing, runoff, and erosion processes. Typically, the kinetic energy rate is calculated based on terminal velocity of vertically falling raindrop...

Future changes in the structure of daily rainfall, especially the number of rainy days and the intensity of extreme events, are likely to induce major impacts on rain-fed agriculture in the tropics. In Africa this issue is of primary importance, but the agreement between climate models to simulate such descriptors of rainfall is generally poor. Here, we show that the climate models used for the...

The surface of wind turbine blades are prone to degradation due exposure the elements. Rain, hail, insects among many causes blade or erosion. Surface leads a reduction in aerodynamic performance, resulting power losses. effect is studied by modeling as rough surface. roughness can be positive (insects other foreign objects) negative (erosion, delamination). individual elements however very sma...

The demand for high capacity data communication is increasing continuously and rapidly. More Network-based multimedia applications such as Internet protocol Television (IPTV), video on demand (VoD), voice over Internet protocol (VoIP), and other broadband services are emerging. Due to congestion in the lower frequency bands many of the services may use millimeter wavelength bands. A good unders...

Soil erosion is a major environmental threat to the sustainability and productive capacity of agriculture. During the last 40 years, nearly one-third of the world's arable land has been lost by erosion and continues to be lost at a rate of more than 10 million hectares per year. With the addition of a quarter of a million people each day, the world population's food demand is increasing at a ti...

Abstract Erosion rates of wind turbine blades are not constant, and they depend on many external factors including meteorological differences relating to global weather patterns. In order track the degradation blades, it is important analyse distribution change in conditions across country. This case study addresses rainfall Western Europe using UK Ireland data create a relationship between ero...