Failure to control nasopharyngeal carcinomas (NPC) is mainly due to a portion of radioresistant phenotype. Identifying gene targets for radiosensitization is an important strategy in improving anticancer treatments. Exposure of cells to ionizing radiation leads to the formation of reactive oxygen species that are associated with radiation-induced cellular apoptosis and necrosis. The antioxidant...

Characteristic of damage introduced in DNA by ionizing radiation is the induction of a wide range of lesions. Single-strand breaks (SSBs) and base damages outnumber double-strand breaks (DSBs). If unrepaired, these lesions can lead to DSBs and increased mutagenesis. XRCC1 and DNA polymerase beta (polbeta) are thought to be critical elements in the repair of these SSBs and base damages. XRCC1-de...

Non-proliferating cells, such as mature neurons, are generally believed to be more resistant to X-rays than proliferating cells, such as glial and vascular endothelial cells. Therefore, the late adverse effects of radiotherapy on the brain have been attributed to the radiation-induced damage of glial and vascular endothelial cells. However, little is known about the radiosensitivities of neuron...

The occurrence of tumor immunity in mice bearing a growing plasmacytoma (PC) was studied by local adoptive transfer assay. Spleen cells from mice with a large PC but not with a nonpalpable or small PC retarded and often inhibited entirely the growth of homologous PC. They occasionally caused late regression of growing homologous and heterologous PC. The individual tumor-specific immune effector...

Preoperative radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy has become a standard procedure for treatment of patients with locally advanced colorectal cancer (CRC). However, patients' responses to treatment are different and personalized. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are promising biomarkers for predicting personalized responses. In this study, we collected 30 publicly reported miRNAs associated with chemoradiotherap...

In this paper we use a hybrid multiscale mathematical model that incorporates both individual cell behaviour through the cell-cycle and the effects of the changing microenvironment through oxygen dynamics to study the multiple effects of radiation therapy. The oxygenation status of the cells is considered as one of the important prognostic markers for determining radiation therapy, as hypoxic c...

The presence of 137Cesium (137Cs) in the environment after nuclear accidents at Chernobyl and more recently Fukushima Daiichi raises many health issues for the surrounding populations chronically exposed through the food chain. To mimic different exposure situations, we set up a male rat model of exposure by chronic ingestion of a 137Cs concentration likely to be ingested daily by residents of ...

It is urgently required to develop novel safe and effective radioprotectors to alleviate radiation damages. Recently, several toll like receptors (TLRs), including TLR2, TLR4, TLR5, TLR9, have been proved to exert protective effects against ionizing radiation. Due to different tissue-distribution and distinct functions of TLRs, we hypothesized that co-activation of multiple TLRs simultaneously ...

BACKGROUND Nuclear texture analysis measures phenotypic changes in chromatin distribution within a cell nucleus, while the alkaline Comet assay is a sensitive method for measuring the extent of DNA breakage in individual cells. The authors aim to use both methods to provide information about the sensitivity of cells to ionizing radiation. METHODS The alkaline Comet assay was performed on six ...

Single-agent radioimmunotherapy (RIT) has proven efficacy as a treatment for hematological malignancies, particularly non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Although promising, RIT has been less effective for solid tumors, in part because they are less radiosensitive. Bone marrow transplantation permits the administration of larger radiopharmaceutical doses, but the results of bone marrow transplantation-supp...