Exposure to solar UVA (320-400 nm) radiation can damage DNA and lead to skin disorders. Conventional dosimetry using a single piece of polysulfone or diglycol carbonate (CR-39) cannot provide accurate measurement of the biologically effective irradiance for erythema for the UVA waveband. A package employing four dosimeters (polysulfone, nalidixic acid, 8-methoxypsoralen and phenothiazine) has b...

Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is part of the electromagnetic spectrum. The biological effects of UV radiation vary enormously with wavelength and for this reason the UV spectrum is further subdivided into three regions: UVA, UVB, and UVC. Quantities of UV radiation are expressed using radiometric terminology. A particularly important term in clinical photobiology is the standard erythema dose (SED...

Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE AR-SA MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 Measurement of solar radiance demands expensive devices to be used. Alternatively, estimator models are used instead. In this paper, a new method based on the empirical equations is introduced to estimate the monthly average daily global solar radiation on a horizontal surface. The proposed method uses Intelligent Water ...

Two radiation measurement technologies for estimating and lowering the occurrence rate of “soft errors” are introduced. Radiation such as fast neutrons (generated by cosmic rays) and α-rays (generated by the impurities in materials composing LSIs) cause incorrect operations—known as soft errors—in computer systems. Since soft errors undermine the reliability of mission-critical products such as...

Retrieval of Optical and Microphysical Properties of Ice Clouds Using Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Data. (August 2005) Jacqueline Anne Kinney, B.S., Texas A&M University Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. Ping Yang The research presented here retrieves the cloud optical thickness and particle effective size of cirrus clouds using surface radiation measurements obtained during the Atmos...

We present an automated algorithm for testing surface broadband radiation measurements to detect erroneous data. The methodology has been developed using data from the US Department of Energy Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program. The testing includes physically possible limits as determined by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) Baseline Surface Radiation Network, as well as ...

Kossel line patterns contain information on the crystalline structure, such as the magnitude and the phase of Bragg reflections. For technical reasons, most of these patterns are obtained using electron beam excitation, which leads to surface sensitivity that limits the spatial extent of the structural information. To obtain the atomic structure in bulk volumes, X-rays should be used as the exc...

The functionality of LEDs for use in vehicles offers new possibilities and their efficiency will even rise. However, they need their own specific design methods as well as appropriate measurement and simulation technology. Monochromatic radiation data are not sufficient in this context. Opsira makes use of a camera system combined with a set of filters covering the whole range of emissions ejec...

It is well khown that welding arcs emit intense ultraviolet radiation and those who conduct welding operations or work nearby are exposed to the radiation and often suffer injuries. It is desirable to evaluate the ultraviolet radiation from the viewpoint of industrial health. But, there have been few quantitative studies of this radiation. We determined the ultraviolet effective irradiance, bas...

In a specially designed radiation force balance (RFB), low-frequency pulse modulation of the incident ultrasound allows high-accuracy measurement of time-averaged spatially-integrated ultrasound power radiated into a reflectionless water load. Errors characteristic of force sensors are precluded by operating the RFB as a force comparator, without directly measuring force. Equipped with purpose-...