Introduction Radiation exposures from diagnostic medical examinations are generally low and are almost always justified by the benefits of accurate diagnosis of possible disease conditions. Therefore, entrance skin dose (ESD), body organ dose (BOD), and effective dose (ED) from adult patients undergoing routine thorax posterior-anterior (PA) and thorax right lateral (RLAT) were estimated in Uni...

Synopsis This chapter presents x-ray image quality optimization techniques using digital phantom images and computerized observer models. The X-ray imaging parameters are optimized so as to maximize tumor detectability while minimizing the patient dose. Digital phantoms are generated using the virtual photographic and radiographic imaging simulator (ViPRIS) package. ViPRIS uses a tomographic ph...

Abstract The use of lead apron for radiation protection is regulated under the Indonesia Nuclear Regulatory Agency (BAPETEN) Decree no. 8 year 2011 about Radiation Safety and Use Diagnostic Interventional Radiological X-Ray Machine. It listed specifications are as follows: having thickness equivalent to 0.2 mm Pb or 0.25 diagnostic 0.35 0.5 interventional use. Further, National Standardization ...

BACKGROUND Low back pain (LBP) has a prevalence of 84% in Africa. The commonest form of imaging is plain lumbar spine x-ray. It gives a radiation dose equivalent to 65 times a chest x-ray dose and sends one of the highest doses to the human reproductive organs. The commonest cause of LBP in Africa is degenerative disease. X-ray findings do not change mode of treatment yet most physicians still ...

The heating of small cavities with pulsed laser or particle beams makes it possible to study phenomena of high-temperature radiation hydrodynamics and the state of matter at very high pressure, i.e. the physics of stars, for the first time in the laboratory [1], In this note we report preliminary results of temperature measurements made with gold cavities irradiated by 60-100 J/300 ps pulses fr...

Diagnostic radiology's basic task is to provide high quality diagnostic image information about anatomic detail or ongoing physiological process within patient's body, where such information can not be provided using alternative diagnostic method which excludes the use of ionizing radiation. Ensuring adequate clinical diagnostic information together with the least possible exposure of the patie...

Performance and reliability of medical X-ray sources for imaging humans are crucial from ethical, clinical and economic perspectives. This overview will treat the aspects to consider for investment of equipment for medical X-ray imaging. Recent X-ray tubes deliver enhanced reliability and unprecedented performance. But, metric for benchmarking has to change. Modern terms for product comparison ...

Medical diagnostic X-ray workers are one occupational group that expose to the long-term low-dose external radiation over their working lifetime, and they may under risk of different cancers. This study aims to determine the relationship between the occupational X-ray radiation exposure and cancer risk among these workers in Jiangsu, China. We conducted Nested case-control study to investigate ...

One of the most common positioning errors in panoramic radiography is palatoglossal air space above the apices of the root of maxillary teeth. It causes a radiolucency obscuring the apices of maxillary teeth. In the case of this positioning error, the imaging should be repeated. This causes the patient be exposed to radiation again. To avoid the repetition of exposing harmful X-rays to the pati...

introduction the increasing practice of interventional fluoroscopy in diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular disease has risen attention to improve radiation protection of patients and cardiologists in these relatively high dose techniques. therefore, nowadays there is an emphasis on the measurement of radiation dose received by patients and cardiologists arising from the relevant procedures...