Steady state natural convection is numerically investigated in an enclosure using variable thermal conductivity, viscosity and thermal expansion coefficient of Al2O3–water nanofluid. This study has been conducted for a wide range of Rayleigh numbers (103≤ Ra ≤ 106), concentrations of nanoparticles (0% ≤ Φ ≤ 7%), enclosure aspect ratios (0.5 ≤ AR ≤ 2) and temperature differences between the cold...

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease that is related to the induction of T helper (Th)17 cells, which secrete interleukin-17, and activation of the signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 3. The expression of high-temperature requirement protein A (HtrA) 2, a serine protease involved in apoptosis, was decreased in RA patients nonresponsive to drug treatment of RA. ...

Introduction Surface roughness of dental restorative materi­ als is most often established with the Ra value obtained using profilometry or by assessing surface topography with the scanning electron microscope (SEM). Both methods should vali­ date each other in confirming surface rough­ ness. Aims and objectives The purpose of this study was to compare sur­ face roughness values obtained with a...

In contrast to high spin pyridyl diimine iron(ii) dichloride complexes, analogous bis(amidinato)-N-heterocyclic carbene iron(ii) and iron(iii) complexes demonstrate complex magnetic behaviour. In the solid state, they are best described as intermediate spin complexes at low temperatures that demonstrate gradual spin transitions beginning near or below room temperature. Treating the bis(amidinat...

Cellular-based machine-to-machine (M2M) communication is expected to facilitate services for the Internet of Things (IoT). However, because cellular networks are designed for human users, they have some limitations. Random access channel (RACH) congestion caused by massive access from M2M devices is one of the biggest factors hindering cellular-based M2M services because the RACH congestion cau...

In this work, we numerically study laminar flows in forced convection a U -shaped channel. Our was based on finite volume method by the fluent code carried out for Reynolds number varying range 100<Re<700, and Rayleigh Ra=105 Prandtl Pr=0.72. As function of number, results obtained are presented form thermal dynamic field, variation Nusselt speed average temperature at outlet channel as R...

Simulations were carried out using penalty finite element analysis with bi-quadratic elements to investigate the influence of uniform and non-uniform heating of bottom wall within a trapezoidal enclosure of various inclination angles ðuÞ. Parametric study has been carried out for a wide range of Rayleigh number ðRaÞ ð10 6 Ra 6 10Þ, Prandtl number ðPrÞ ð0:026 6 Pr 6 988:24Þ and Darcy number ðDaÞ...

This study investigates numerically the 2D laminar natural convection in a Saltbox roof type geometry under summer climate conditions as obtained Africa, particularly Nigeria using ANSYS FLUENT to model boundary conditions. The effects of Rayleigh number (Ra) within range 103-107 and pitch angles (top base) on heat transfer, flow structure, temperature distribution entropy generation were analy...