In the last quarter of the century, a substantial amount of research work has been conducted on optimization of energy consumption by refrigeration systems and on proper design and construction of household refrigerator-freezers. The importance of such energy optimization schemes stems from the environmental impacts of Freon (R-12) used as the working refrigerant in household refrigerator – fre...

The performance of two long term replacements R-407C (HFC-32/125/134a (23%/25%/52%)) and R-410A (HFC-32/125 (50%/50%)) was compared to R-22 in a 10.5 kW (3.0 TR) residential central heat pump. The performance evaluations were carried out in a psychrometric calorimeter test facility located at NRC using the Canadian Standards Association (GSA) I Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Institute (ARI)...

Recent interest in cube satellites over the last few years has created related interest in propulsion for small satellites. Cubesats, more than other satellites, are volume and power constrained, which pose significant challenges for implementation of cubesat propulsion systems. R-134a propellant systems can provide low cost and efficient propulsion for small impulse maneuvers, orbital maintena...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Higher laser fluences than currently used in therapy (5-10 J/cm(2)) are expected to result in more effective treatment of port wine stain (PWS) birthmarks. However, higher incident fluences increase the risk of epidermal damage caused by absorption of light by melanin. Cryogen spray cooling offers an effective method to reduce epidermal injury during laser irradiation. ...