OBJECTIVE Among rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients, the intensity of pain may be out of proportion to the severity of peripheral inflammation. This observation suggests that mechanisms of central nervous system pain amplification, such as diminished conditioned pain modulation (CPM), may play a role in enhancing pain perception among some RA patients. This study was undertaken to examine the le...

Q(ST) is a standardized measure of the genetic differentiation of a quantitative trait among populations. The distribution of Q(ST)'s for neutral traits can be predicted from the F(ST) for neutral marker loci. To test for the neutral differentiation of a quantitative trait among populations, it is necessary to ask whether the Q(ST) of that trait is in the tail of the probability distribution of...

Comparison of population differentiation in neutral marker genes and in genes coding quantitative traits by means of F(ST) and Q(ST) indexes has become commonplace practice. While the properties and estimation of F(ST) have been the subject of much interest, little is known about the precision and possible bias in Q(ST) estimates. Using both simulated and real data, we investigated the precisio...

Abstract Current algorithms for quantum state tomography (QST) are costly both on the experimental front, requiring measurement of many copies state, and classical computational needing a long time to analyze gathered data. Here, we introduce neural adaptive (NAQT), fast, flexible machine-learning-based algorithm QST that adapts measurements provides orders magnitude faster processing while ret...

This text reports the morphological and textural behavior of synthesis stages a CMK-3 carbon type using silicon matrix SBA-15 calcined at 823 K as template. During synthesis, three intermediate materials were obtained because (i) addition sucrose to template (CCMK3-1st), (ii) CCMK3-1st material (CCMK3-2nd), (iii) carbonization by pyrolysis by-product CCMK3-2nd (CCMK3-F). The texture above was f...

Background The National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science Technology–National Institute of Sciences (QST–NIRS) has continuously investigated the undesired radiation exposure in ion beam radiotherapy mainly carbon-ion (CIRT). This review introduces our investigations on secondary neutron dose CIRT with broad scanning methods. Materials Methods ambient equivalents are evaluated ...