Parasites are natural stressors that may have multiple negative effects on their host as they usurp energy and nutrients and may lead to costly immune responses that may cause oxidative stress. At early stages, animals may be more sensitive to infectious organisms because of their rapid growth and partly immature immune system. The objective of this study was to explore effects of parasites by ...

BACKGROUND Health providers need to know which measures to take and children to prioritize in order to decrease costs associated with head lice infestations. OBJECTIVE Our aim was to determine the most important predictors for head lice and identify the major drivers of an infestation outbreak in a low-prevalence area. METHODS The study was based on three datasets of head lice prevalence (r...

The purpose of this field study was to develop and evaluate eradication as a strategy to control lice in cattle. Thirty-three herds of cattle were selected and observed during a period of two and a half years. Before eradication, biting lice (Damalinia bovis) were present in 94% of the herds and 27% of the animals. Sucking lice (Linognathus vituli) were present in 42% of the herds and 5% of the...

OBJECTIVES The emergence of drug-resistant lice has created the need for new therapies. This study assesses a new method without neurotoxins, extensive household cleaning, or nit removal. METHODS One hundred thirty-three subjects participated in 2 open clinical trials. In the first trial, 93 subjects completed treatment using a nontoxic, dry-on, suffocation-based, pediculicide lotion, minimal...

Preening is a bird's first line of defense against harmful ectoparasites. Ectoparasites, in turn, have evolved adaptations for avoiding preening such as hardened exoskeletons and escape behavior. Earlier work suggests that some groups of ectoparasites, such as feather lice, leave hiding places in feathers that are exposed to direct sunlight, making them more vulnerable to preening. It is, there...

Epidemic transmission of West Nile virus (WNV) in Sacramento County, California, in 2005 prompted aerial application of pyrethrin, a mosquito adulticide, over a large urban area. Statistical analyses of geographic information system datasets indicated that adulticiding reduced the number of human WNV cases within 2 treated areas compared with the untreated area of the county. When we adjusted f...

The present study is designed to investigate the preventive effects of actinobacterial extract on colon carcinogenesis in NDEA induced mice tumor. Twenty four mice were divided into four groups of six animals each. Animals (Group I) proceed as the control without any treatment. Animals (Group II) were intraperitonially injected with Nnitrosodiethylamine at three doses at an interval for ten day...

Three insecticides commonly used for mosquito and sand fly control were applied 30 min to 3 h after sunset during June and July 2010, at Camp Buehring, Kuwait, to determine the relative quantity of pesticides to height and distance traveled in a hot desert environment. A BVA dilution oil was used for the control. Oil-based adulticides were sprayed using a truck-mounted Curtis DynaFog Maxi-Pro 4...

This study provided the first assessment of pyrethroids and pyrethrins in Minnesota, USA lake sediments, second one for alkylphenols (APs) nonylphenol ethoxylates (NPEs). Surficial sediments were collected 2017 from 30 small to medium-sized lakes, encompassing a variety watershed land uses ecoregions. These lakes targeted pool 50 randomly selected included National Lakes Assessment (NLA) study....

Objectives. One of the important causes of flap losses is ischemia-reperfusion damage. Arnebia species are rich in naphthoquinone derivatives which known to have anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of Arnebia purpurea extract on viability of the skin flaps. Methods. Eighteen Wistar rats were divided in three groups. Caudal-base...