Recordings of rat hippocampal place cells have provided information about how the hippocampus retrieves memory sequences. One line of evidence has to do with phase precession, a process organized by theta and gamma oscillations. This precession can be interpreted as the cued prediction of the sequence of upcoming positions. In support of this interpretation, experiments in two-dimensional envir...

The hippocampus is essential for spatial navigation, which may involve sequential learning. However, how the hippocampus encodes new sequences in familiar environments is unknown. To study the impact of novel spatial sequences on the activity of hippocampal neurons, we monitored hippocampal ensembles while rats learned to switch from two familiar trajectories to a new one in a familiar environm...

Public goods are “non-excludable” and “non-rivalrous” resources, including roads, water management systems, plazas, as well “symbolic public goods,” such religious architecture social identity. occur in greater abundance cities with more cooperative inclusive forms of organization, which seems to undermine arguments that elites constructed them augment their power. Such major “pull” factors dra...