Enrichment of staple food with zinc (Zn) along solubilizing bacteria is a sustainable and practical approach to overcome Zn malnutrition in human beings by improving plant nutrition, nutrient use efficiency, productivity. Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) one global population has prospective role agronomic biofortification. In this context, we evaluated the effect diazotrophic bacterial co-i...

In recent years soil bacteria of the genus Azospirillum found increasing biological and ecological interest because of their ability to microaerobically fix N 2 and to live in close association with plant roots, stimulating growth of nitrogenlimited plants [1-5]. The physiology of N 2 fixation, especially its repression by N H + , has been studied extensively [6-9]. The question, however, how N...

This review presents a critical and comprehensive documentation and analysis of the developments in agricultural, environmental, molecular, and physiological studies related to Azospirillum cells, and to Azospirillum interactions with plants, based solely on information published between 1997 and 2003. It was designed as an update of previous reviews (Bashan and Levanony 1990; Bashan and Holgui...

This study was designed to isolate and characterize Azospirillum strains from maize (Zea mays L.) grown under wellwatered and water stressed conditions and to evaluate the ability of bacteria to produce plant growth promoting hormones like Indole Acetic Acid (IAA), Gibberellic Acid (GA), trans-Zeatin riboside (tzr) and abscisic acid (ABA). A total of eight strains of Azospirillum were isolated ...

Attachment of soil bacteria to plant cells is supposedly the very early step required in plant-microbe interactions. Attachment also is an initial step for the formation of microbial biofilms on plant roots. For the rhizobia-legume symbiosis, various mechanisms and diverse surface molecules of both partners have been proposed to mediate in this process. The first phase of attachment is a weak, ...

The utilization of amino acids for growth and their effects on nitrogen fixation differ greatly among the several strains of each species of Azospirillum spp. that were examined. A. brasiliense grew poorly or not at all on glutamate, aspartate, serine, or histidine as the sole nitrogen and carbon sources. Nitrogen fixation by most A. brasiliense strains was inhibited only slightly even by 10 mM...

In the 21st century, increased farming activities have harmed both ecosystems and agricultural systems on Earth. This is because of misuse mineral fertilizers toxic plant protection products. To obtain “elicitor” extract, rhizobacteria were grown in a thermostat for 3 days then subjected to autoclaving at temperature 120°C 1 atm. 20 minutes. Azospirillum, Azotobacter, Pseudomonas are three most...

Pyroligneous acid (PA) is often used in agriculture as a plant growth and yield enhancer. However, the influence of PA application on soil microorganisms not studied. Therefore, this study, we investigated effect (0.01–5% w/w soil) microbial diversity two different soils. At end eight weeks incubation, community dynamics were determined by Illumina-MiSeq sequencing 16S rRNA gene amplicons. The ...