psa is a 33-kda serine protease that is produced predominantly by prostate epithelium. however, it has been shown that about 30-40% of female breast tumors produce psa and its production is associated with the presence of estrogen and progesterone receptors. we have now developed a new tissue culture system to study psa production in breast cancer and its association with prognostic factors suc...

After the introduction of prostate cancer screening with the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test, we have witnessed a dramatic stage migration. As a result, an increasing number of patients are diagnosed at earlier stages and receive local treatments including surgery or radiation. When these local treatments fail by the definition of increasing PSA levels, patients are usually treated with an...

The options available for patients with recurrent prostate cancer are limited. Men who have failed external-beam irradiation as the primary treatment are rarely considered for potentially curative salvage therapy. Traditionally, only palliative treatments have been offered with hormonal intervention or simple observation. A significant percentage of these patients have only locally recurrent ca...

RATIONALE To compare cancers detected during use of 5α-reductase inhibitors (5αRI) with cancers detected in untreated controls stratified for tumor size. METHODS Prostate biopsies were performed on 235 consecutive patients "for cause" (elevated or rising PSA, positive digital rectal examination, or focal hypoechoic lesion). Fifty patients were excluded for a prior diagnosis of cancer, leaving...

background and objective: prostate cancer is a prevalent disease around the world. the prostatic specific antigen (psa) test has recently proved itself as a useful method for the diagnosis and examination of patients with prostatic cancer. the objective of this study was to compare the stability of free psa and total psa in different storage settings. materials and methods: samples were obtaine...

BACKGROUND The purpose of the study is to evaluate the long-term clinical outcome through biochemical no evidence of disease (bNED) rates among men with low to intermediate risk prostate cancer treated with two different brachytherapy implant techniques: preoperative planning (PP) and real-time planning (IoP). METHODS From June 1998 to July 2011, 1176 men with median age of 67 years and media...

Clinically localized prostate cancer is typically managed by well established therapies like radical prostatectomy, brachytherapy, and external beam radiation therapy. While many patients can be cured with definitive local therapy, some will have biochemical recurrence (BCR) of disease detected by a rising serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA). Management of these patients is nuanced and contro...

The introduction of early PSa-based diagnosis has profoundly impacted the epidemiology of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Many patients enter the disease at an early stage when the only sign of resistance to androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is a progressive elevation of prostate-specific antigen (PSA). This created a very heterogeneous population of non-metastatic (M0) CRPC. PSa ...

BACKGROUND This open-label, multicenter, dose-escalation study evaluated multiple dose levels of immunotherapy in patients with metastatic hormone-refractory prostate cancer (HRPC). The immunotherapy, based on the GVAX platform, consisted of 2 allogeneic prostate-carcinoma cell lines modified to secrete granulocyte-macrophage-colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). METHODS Dose levels ranged from...

Laboratory medicine plays an increasingly important role in the management of cancer patients (1, 2) . In none of the tumors has the advent of biomarkers changed the treatment in a more fundamental way than the introduction of prostate specifi c antigen (PSA) which has virtually transformed the management of prostate cancer. Prostate cancer represents a major public health problem. The last dec...