The coding sequence at the boundaries of exons flanking nuclear introns shows some degree of conservation. To the extent that such sequences might be recognized by the splicing machinery, this conservation may be a derived result of evolution for efficient splicing. Alternatively, such conserved sequences might be remnants of proto-splice sites, which might have existed early in eukaryotic gene...

In this study, we test the assumption that sociocultural differences in use of health services will only occur below a certain level of illness severity. Data are derived from the Curaçao Health Study (n = 2248). Subjects' educational level and degree of proto-professionalization are used as indicators of their sociocultural background. Differences in the likelihood of seeking professional care...

During the late stage of terrestrial planet formation, hit-and-run collisions are about as common accretionary mergers, for expected velocities and angles giant impacts. Average hit-and-runs leave two major remnants plus debris: target impactor, somewhat modified through erosion, escaping at lower relative velocity. Here we continue our study dynamical effects such collisions. We compare fates ...

An indispensable prerequisite for establishing a scenario of life emerging by natural processes is the requirement that the first simple proto-molecules could have had a realistic probability of self-assembly from random molecular polymers in the prebiotic world. The vestige of the proto-ribosome, which is believed to be still embedded in the contemporary ribosome, is used to assess the feasibi...

The zebrafish posterior lateral line (pLL) is a sensory system that comprises clusters of mechanosensory organs called neuromasts (NMs) that are stereotypically positioned along the surface of the trunk. The NMs are deposited by a migrating pLL primordium, which is organized into polarized rosettes (proto-NMs). During migration, mature proto-NMs are deposited from the trailing part of the primo...

We examine various physical processes associated with the formation of globular clusters by using the three-dimensional Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) code. Our code includes radiative cooling of gases, star formation, energy feedback from stars including stellar winds and supernovae, and chemical enrichment by stars. We assume that, in the collapsing galaxy, isothermal cold clouds form ...

Chechen, Ingush and Batsbi together form the Nakh subgroup of East Caucasian language family. Chechen Ingush, to a lesser degree Batsbi, underwent regressive vowel assimilation (umlaut). The sound laws that govern umlaut have already been established some degree. article focuses on two issues: rules for dialects are worked out in detail basis dialectal material provided by Imnajshvili 1977, dif...

This paper examines the Scandinavian terminology for ‘soot’ in connection with a number of Saami appellatives view to deciding which them are native and result from borrowing. Special attention is paid problem adopting loanwords Northern Europe, especially Peninsula. Two Proto- Germanic words denoting discussed morphological etymological point view. It suggested that West noun *hrōta- m./n. clo...

Abstract Conditions in the outer protoplanetary disk during solar system formation were thought to be favorable for of amorphous water ice (AWI), a glassy phase ice. However, subsequent collisional processing could have shock-crystallized any AWI present. Here we use iSALE shock physics hydrocode simulate impacts between large icy bodies at impact velocities relevant these environments, and the...

Abstract This paper offers new evidence from Stau, Geshiza, and Khroskyabs to address the question of directionality in valency-changing derivations Sino-Tibetan. Examining causative anticausative verb stem pairs adds that Proto-Sino-Tibetan, a number intransitive stems are derived transitive stems, some cases as result * N ‑ prefixation, other voicing alternation independent prefixation. In ad...