Large-scale screens for loss-of-function mutants have played a significant role in recent advances in developmental biology and other fields. In such mutant screens, it is desirable to estimate the degree of "saturation" of the screen (i.e., what fraction of the possible target genes has been identified). We applied Bayesian and maximum-likelihood methods for estimating the number of loci remai...

Technological advances have made it feasible to conduct high-throughput small-molecule screens based on visual phenotypes of individual cells, using automated imaging and analysis. These screens are rapidly moving from being small, proof-of-principle tests to robust and widespread screens of hundreds of thousands of compounds. Automated imaging screens maximize the information obtained in an in...

All theoretical calculations and predictions concerning the efficiency and resolution of fluorescent screens have been based until now on the Hamaker-Ludwig model,lV2 according to which a phosphor screen is assumed to be a homogeneous and uniform layer of phosphor material. As a result the model is suitable for the nongranular screens like the ones prepared by evaporation, but it is generally u...

The isolation of haploid cell lines has recently allowed the power of forward genetic screens to be applied to mammalian cells. The interest in applying this powerful genetic approach to a mammalian system is only tempered by the limited utility of these screens, if confined to lethal phenotypes. Here we expand the scope of these approaches beyond live/dead screens and show that selection for a...

Shellfish aquaculture is a widely practiced way of producing food for human consumption in coastal areas. When farming intertidal clams, farmers commonly protect young seedling clams from predatory losses by covering farmed plots with netting or screening. Recent discussion of the effectiveness of protective nets or screens and their environmental effects has raised questions concerning the uti...

This chapter describes how intelligent tutoring systems (ITS) can be used for assessment. It begins by describing intelligent tutoring systems and distinguishing them from an older, more widely available technology. It argues that this newer technology has some intrinsic benefits as a tool for assessment. It then describes a particular type of assessment widely used in the ITS community. The as...