Wearing face masks have been implemented as a public and personal health control measure against the spread of coronavirus disease (COVID-19). However, protection level nonmedical masks, such women veils, is still uncertain. This study aimed to assess filtration efficiency (FE; percentage particles retained by mask) different types medical (either sealed or unsealed, single doubled), non-medica...

BACKGROUND Brain metastases occur commonly in patients with lung cancer. Small vessel ischemic disease is frequently found when imaging the brain to detect metastases. We aimed to determine if the presence of small vessel ischemic disease (SVID) of the brain is protective against the development of brain metastases in lung cancer patients. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS A retrospective cohort...

The need to protect victims of domestic violence is becoming increasingly more important in many States. 1980 Hague Convention on international child abduction, which principle requires the child’s return and apparently leaves little scope for protecting mother, at times perceived as being odds with this need. 2022 US Supreme Court’s judgment Golan v Saada set become a leading case regard abduc...

BACKGROUND To date, there is no effective vaccine or no effective drug for mass chemoprophylaxis against malaria. Thus, proper know-how and use of prevention methods is crucial. This study aims to assess the knowledge and practice of malaria prevention methods among the residents of Arba Minch area, Southern Ethiopia. METHODS A community-based cross-sectional study that utilized a two-stage s...

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the internal structure of a self-report measure of multiple family-level protective factors against abuse and neglect and explore the relationship of this instrument to other measures of child maltreatment. Methods: For the exploratory factor analysis, 11 agencies from 4 states administered the Protective Factors Survey (PFS), the Brief Chi...

Objective: This study aims to identify the characteristics of children at risk for whom protective and supportive measures are taken reasons measures. Material Methods: In this retrospective study, by in Burdur Family Court between years 2012-2017 were examined. Before ethics approval permission from City Public Prosecutor's Office obtained. Data collected through a data collection form develop...

During this coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) global pandemic, nations are taking bold measures to mitigate the spread of Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections in order to avoid the overwhelming its critical care facilities. While these “flattening the curve” initiatives are showing signs of impeding the potential surge in COVID-19 cases, it is not known whet...

background: awareness of occupational hazards and its safety precautions among welders is an important health issue, especially in developing countries. objective: to assess the awareness of occupational hazards and utilization of safety measures among welders in coastal south india. methods: a cross-sectional study was conducted among 209 welders in puducherry, south india. baseline characteri...

Risk perceptions are important in HIV research and interventions; mixed results were found between HIV-related perceptions and behaviors. We interviewed 377 sexually active injecting drug users in China, finding mixed associations between HIV-related risk perception assessed by two general measures and two previous risk behaviors (syringe sharing: p<.05; unprotected sex: p>.05) - partially supp...