Parabens are effective preservatives widely used in cosmetic products and processed food, with high human exposure. Recent evidence suggests that parabens exert estrogenic effects. This work investigated the potential interference of parabens with the estrogen-activating enzyme 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17β-HSD) 1 and the estrogen-inactivating 17β-HSD2. A ligand-based 17β-HSD2 pharmacop...

Identification of early perturbations induced in cells from non-cancerous breast tissue is critical for understanding possible breast cancer risk from chemical exposure. We have demonstrated previously that exposure to the ubiquitous xenoestrogens, bisphenol A (BPA) and methyl paraben, promotes the hallmarks of cancer in non-malignant human high-risk donor breast epithelial cells (HRBECs) isola...

Rats trained to detect propyl acetate and valeric acid and to discriminate between propyl acetate and amyl acetate and between valeric acid and butyric acid were injected with a low dose of 3-methyl indole, a treatment that produces well-defined and selective deafferentation of the olfactory bulbs. Treatment completely deafferented most but not all bulbar loci for aliphatic acids and at least d...

A facile one step synthesis of anilino alky1-N-substituted phthalimide I is reported. The following compounds belonging to this series were made: 1. (anilino-N-ethyl) phthalimide 8 2. (3,4, 5-trimethoxy anilino-N-ethyl) phthalimide 6 3. (3,4, 5-trimethoxy anilino-N-propyl) phthalimide 7 4. N-(ethyl phthalirnido-p-amino benzoyl) glutamic acid diethyl ester 10 5. N-(propyl phthalimido-p-ami...

The antioxidant activities of gallic acid, propyl gallate, (+)-catechin and quercetin in bulk camellia oil and corresponding emulsions were investigated using hydroperoxides and nonanal as indicators of oxidation. In bulk oil, these phenolic compounds showed antioxidant activities with the order of gallic acid>quercetin>propyl gallate> (+)catechin when measured using hydroperoxides and gallic a...

The title carbohydrate, C13H22O6, is a derivative of d-glycose, in which the furan-osidic and iso-propyl-idene rings are in twisted conformations. The mean plane of the furan-osidic ring makes a dihedral angle of 70.32 (18)° with the mean plane of the fused iso-propyl-idene ring. The methyl groups in the other iso-propyl-idene ring are disordered over two sets of sites, with an occupancy ratio ...

The closely related title compounds, 3-(2,5-dimeth-oxy-3,4,6-tri-methyl-phen-yl)propyl methacrylate, C18H26O4 (I), and 3-(2,4,5-trimethyl-3,6-dioxo-cyclo-hexa-1,4-dien-yl)propyl methacrylate, C16H20O4 (II), are monomers suitable for the preparation of redox polymers. They consist of a propyl-methacrylate group and three methyl substituents on di-meth-oxy-benzene and quinone cores, respectively....

There are two mol-ecules in the asymmetric unit of the title compound, C(10)H(12)O(3). In the crystal, mol-ecules are linked by O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds into chains running along [010]. Adjacent chains are joined together by weak π-π inter-actions between benzene rings [centroid-centroid distance = 4.040 (2) Å].

Plant-based hypoglycemic therapeutics have been increasing in consumption due to the escalation of type 2 diabetes and its related complications. However, safety preparations is little understood. Parabens (alkyl esters p-hydroxybenzoic acid) are widely used as preservatives these pharmaceuticals. presence methylparaben formulations raises anxiety potential endocrine disruption functions. Endoc...