We develop a model to analyze one mechanism under which stronger intellectual property rights (IPR) protection may improve the ability of firms in developing countries to break into export markets. A Northern firm with a superior process technology chooses either exports or technology transfer through licensing as its mode of supplying the Southern market, based on local IPR policy. Given this ...

The objective of this chapter is to give an overview and analysis of the current trends and developments in biotechnology in aquaculture research and management. The technological developments along with structural changes in the aquaculture sector may affect access and intellectual property rights (IPR) regimes. These issues will be discussed in a wide perspective involving both short and long...

Patent pendencies create uncertainty in research and development (R&D) collaboration agreements, resulting in a threat of expropriation of unprotected knowledge by potential partners, reduced bargaining power and enhanced search costs. In this paper, we show that depending of the type of partner uncertain intellectual property rights (IPR) lead to reduced collaboration between firms and may hin...

This paper studies the spatial patterns and the determinants of intellectual property rights (IPRs). I ̄nd evidence of spatial correlation in the strength of IPRs provided by di®erent countries. This spatial association persists after controlling for domestic socio-political and economic variables that can a®ect the choice of IPRs and which could potentially be correlated in space. A possible e...

This paper examines the relationship between intellectual property rights (IPRs) and the growth rate of per capita GDP during the period 1996-2006 in a sample 71 countries. Using software piracy data as a proxy for IPR violations, we find that countries with increasing rates of software piracy have lower growth rates. We also find that states with strong commitments to enact policies to protect...

Scientific information comes in many sizes, types and levels of quality. Because of the diversity of the scientific information being published, different issues will arise in publishing different types of information electronically. In this paper, we will address issues related to electronic publication of large scientific data sets, a subset of scientific information often overlooked in discu...

We investigate two closure-type properties, the Reznichenko property and the Pytkeev property, in hyperspace topologies.

in this paper, several xed point theorems for t-contraction of two maps on cone metric spaces under normality condition are proved. obtained results extend and generalize well-known comparable results in the literature.