In the standard approach to evolutionary games and replicator dynamics, differences in fitness can be interpreted as an excess from the mean Malthusian growth rate in the population. In the underlying reasoning, related to an analysis of "costs" and "benefits", there is a silent assumption that fitness can be described in some type of units. However, in most cases these units of measure are not...

Background: Newborn birth weight is an important indicator for determining the health status of the human societies. Therefore, the current study aimed to investigate the critical factors affecting the newborn anthropometric indices in the health centers of Borujerd city, Iran. Methods: This case-control study was conducted from September 2016 to June 2017. The participants included 22 infants ...

For ten years, the incidence of preterm birth does not decrease in developed countries despite the promotion of public health programs. Many risk factors have been identified including ethnicity, age, tobacco, and infection. However, almost 50% of preterm birth causes remain unknown. The periodontal diseases are highly prevalent inflammatory and infectious diseases of tooth supporting tissues l...

normal 0 false false false en-us x-none fa background: prevalence of mental disorders especially depression cause tremendous problems among university students. assessing this fact can help decision makers in planning and depression prevention strategies. this study aimed to assess depression and related factors among university students of bardsir in kerman, iran in 2011. methods: the study po...

Interaction between mothers and midwives during natural childbirth is one of the important factors in relationship between mothers and midwives in natural childbirth. In this qualitative study we explored experiences of mothers and midwives in interaction with each other in natural childbirth. This study was a part of a larger study which was carried out in Iran in 2013-2014. A total of 23 part...

Smart City is taking the center stage as a solution to tackle the problems that are arising with rapid urbanization. However, the concept itself is too comprehensive and unclear, that it is hard to apply to the business promotions that have compatibility factors. Therefore, this research attempts to make a unified definition of the Smart City by analyzing previous studies on the Smart City. The...

When properly used, the child health card is a relatively cheap and effective measure in the promotion of health and in the early detection and prevention of disease in infants and children. It serves as a record of birth data, growth in mass, immunization, neurological development and episodes of illness; it can also facilitate advantageous family spacing. At present the card is not achieving ...

Vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol) is a potent and natural antioxidant. Vitamin E is concentrated from soybean oil. The Committee on Fetus and Newborn of the Academy of the American of Pediatrics endorsed 1 to 2 mg/dl as the normal range of serum tocopherol level. Human infants are born with low stores of vitamin E, thus they require an adequate intake of vitamin E soon after birth. The optimum intra...