To efficiently generate electricity using bacteria in microbial fuel cells (MFCs), highly conductive noncorrosive materials are needed that have a high specific surface area (surface area per volume) and an open structure to avoid biofouling. Graphite brush anodes, consisting of graphite fibers wound around a conductive, but noncorrosive metal core, were examined for power production in cube (C...

Surface area and volume measurements were made for ram and human spermatozoa. Measurements were made using different techniques in an attempt to confirm estimates arrived at by independent methodologies. Sperm head projected surface areas were calculated from published formulae using linear micrometry measurements or were obtained directly by image analysis. Total surface areas were calculated ...

Climate-influenced changes in fire regimes in northern temperate and boreal regions will have both ecological and economic ramifications. We examine possible future wildfire area burned and suppression costs using a recently compiled historical (i.e., 1980-2009) fire management cost database for Canada and several Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) climate projections. Area burned...

A new method is proposed to measure bacterial cells under growth conditions. Bacterial cells, suspended in their growth medium, were attached to a cover slip with poly-L-lysine. The cover slip was inverted and placed on a glass microscope slide. To prevent dehydration of the medium, the edges of the cover slip were sealed to the microscope slide with clear fingernail polish. The bacteria on the...

the three-dimensional search area In this paper, we propose an efficient technique for tracking three-dimensional palm motion, which is captured by two cameras. If we perform template matching independently for each image, two points in two images do not always correspond to each other. Thus we propose to set the search area in the three-dimensional space, not in image planes, so that we can fi...

Global climate is rapidly changing and while many studies have investigated the potential impacts of this on the distribution of montane plant species and communities, few have focused on those with oceanic montane affinities. In Europe, highly sensitive bryophyte species reach their optimum occurrence, highest diversity and abundance in the north-west hyperoceanic regions, while a number of mo...

The San Francisco Bay Area in California, USA is a highly heterogeneous region in climate, topography, and habitats, as well as in its political and economic interests. Successful conservation strategies must consider various current and future competing demands for the land, and should pay special attention to livestock grazing, the dominant non-urban land-use. The main objective of this study...

PREMISE OF THE STUDY Intertidal macroalgae must resist extreme hydrodynamic forces imposed by crashing waves. How does frond flexibility mitigate drag, and how does flexibility affect predictions of drag and dislodgement in the field? METHODS We characterized flexible reconfiguration of six seaweed species in a recirculating water flume, documenting both shape change and area reduction as fro...