Adenine phosphoribosyl-transferase (APRT) is the key enzyme that transforms adenine into adenylate monophosphate (AMP). In case of APRT deficiency, xanthine oxidase rapidly oxidizes adenine into 2,8-dihydroxyadenine (2,8-DHA), which is then eliminated by the kidneys through tubular secretion. 2,8-DHA is insoluble at a physiologic range of pH; therefore, it can easily precipitate in the urine. A...

due to the expected increase of defects in circuits based on deep submicron technologies, reliability has become an important design criterion. although different approaches have been developed to estimate reliability in digital circuits and some measuring concepts have been separately presented to reveal the quality of analog circuit reliability in the literature, there is a gap to estimate re...

Manufacturing induced imperfections in composites lead to a reduction the performance of structure. In order carry out repairs only when they are really necessary, evaluation capabilities determine strength required. Two methods presented: finite element based and Peridynamic approach, respectively. The process is used evaluate stiffness reduction. This processes currently doesn't include progr...

because it is not possible to recognize the mechanism of cantilever failure in field studies, this type of common failure in riverbanks is investigated in the laboratory. for this purpose, two samples of susceptible soil that forms an overhanging block in riverbanks are used for physical model tests to determine their physical, chemical and mechanical characteristics. soil blocks of different d...

Abstract Background If bone union is expected, conservative treatment generally selected for lumbar spondylolysis. However, sometimes treatments are unsuccessful. We sought to determine the factors associated with failure of bony in acute unilateral spondylolysis marrow edema including contralateral pseudarthrosis. Methods This study targeted treated conservatively high school or younger studen...

  Multiple aorto-cardiac cavity communications is very rare but important complication of prosthetic aortic valve endocarditis. The case below illustrates multiple aorto-cardiac cavity fistula formation following prostethic aortic valve endocarditis presented with slowly progressive symptoms of heart failure. A brief review of surgical reconstruction and the existing literature are presented, i...

Physics based collapse simulations of moment resisting steel frame buildings are presented with an emphasis on the development of energy flow relationships. It is proposed that energy flow during progressive collapse can be used in evaluation of moment resisting, steel frame building behavior and specifically, localized failure. If a collapsing structure is capable of attaining a stable energy ...