Tourism outcomes are often regarded as driven by the tourist. The in ̄uence of tourism on society is often anticipated to be negative. This conceptual paper extends the power vocabulary of Michel Foucault to challenge the exclusivity of this view. Power is conceptualized as omnipresent in a tripartite system of tourists, locals, and brokers. The Foucauldian framework reveals that the touristÐlik...

Predictors of productive and receptive language development in 39 children with intellectual disabilities (17 with Down syndrome) and their parents were identified. Children were in the prelinguistic or first stage of productive language acquisition (Brown, 1973). The Down syndrome and non-Down syndrome groups were matched on several variables, including IQ, CA, and vocabulary level. After cont...

The breadth and depth of ESL learners’ vocabulary knowledge and their comprehensive linguistic competence are not well studied in current literatures on vocabulary studies. This paper explores the creditability of depth and breadth of ESL learners’ vocabulary knowledge as an indicator of their overall linguistic competence and the correlation between depth and breadth of ESL learners’ vocabular...

raven progressive matrices (rpms) and wechsler intelligence scale for children (wsic-r) are two common general intelligence measuring scales used in iranian high schools. in this paper the relationships between g factor scales and students’ reading comprehension, grammar, and vocabulary was examined by correlation and regression analysis. standard tests of grammar and vocabulary and cambridge k...

based on mathematical equations, are hampered by the qualitative nature of ecological knowledge. In this article, we demonstrate that qualitative reasoning provides alternative and productive ways for ecologists to develop, organize, and implement models. We present a qualitative theory of population dynamics and use this theory to capture and simulate commonsense theories about population and ...

This study investigated the effect of Narrow Reading (NR) on learning mid-frequency words. Vocabulary Size Test (VST) designed by Nation and Beglar (2007) was administered as the first pre-test to 196 students, from among whom 91 students whose vocabulary size ranged between 2100- 3500-word families, , became the target of this study and were randomly c...