BACKGROUND External assistance can rapidly strengthen health programmes in developing countries, but such funding can also create sustainability challenges. From 2004-2011, the U.S. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) provided more than $ 8 million to the Blood Transfusion Service of Namibia (NAMBTS) for supplies, equipment, and staff salaries. This analysis describes the impact...

The main objective has been to describe different cases of the methanol production from steel-work off gases (Coke oven gas and Basic oxygen furnace gas) and biomass based synthesis gas. The SSAB steel mill in the town of Luleå, Sweden has been used as a basis to analyze four different methanol production cases. The studied biomass gasification technology is based on a fluidized bed gasifier un...

development in the production of agricultural products can take place in two ways: 1) increasing the inputs, which due to limitations in resources is possible only up to a specified level. the second possibility is to increase the productivity of the units by making use of new technologies. technology is defined as, substituting new ways of production for the old ones to increase production per...

Joint decisions in production allocation and ordering policies for single and multiple products in a production-distribution network system consisting of multiple plants are discussed, production capacity constraints of multi-plants and unit production capacity for producing a product are considered. Based on the average total cost in unit time, the decisive model is established. It tries to de...

Eaton Electric General Supplies, a parts manufacturing unit that supplies parts for Eaton’s electrical business unit, implemented several lean control elements in its high-variety, low-volume production units. These control elements include a constant work-in-process mechanism to limit and control the amount of work in process, first-in-first-out sequencing to control the order of departing job...

abstract. when a production facility is designed, there are various parameters affecting the number machines such as production capacity and reliability. it is often a tedious task to optimize different objectives simultaneously. the other issue is the uncertainty in many design parameters which makes it difficult to reach a desirable solution. in this paper, we present a new mathematical model...

Consider a production facility for a manufacturing company. The facility is capable of producing a variety of products that we shall enumerate as 1, 2, · · · , n. These products are constructed/manufactured/produced out of certain raw materials. Let us assume that there are m different raw materials, which again we shall simply enumerate as 1, 2, · · · , m. Furthermore, the ith raw material has...