Increasingly variable consumer preferences, rising concerns about food safety, diverging regulatory systems and narrowing operating margins in the global agrifood system are driving forces behind the search for new product differentiation systems in the global grains and oilseeds sector. This paper offers a typology of product differentiation systems, examines the current and planned use of the...

We develop a model of wage bargaining with private information in a duopoly. We investigate how product differentiation and market competition (Bertrand vs. Cournot competition) affect wages and strikes. If bargaining takes place at the industry-level, then both the wage outcome and the strike activity do not depend on the degree of product differentiation whatever the type of market competitio...

introduction: embryonic stem (es) cells are pluripotent cells derived from inner cell mass of blastocyst. these cells can product any cell by spontaneous or directed differentiation. this study was started to produce neuron cells by directed differentiation of new murine es cell line in vitro. materials and methods: murine es cells (royan b1 derived from c57bl/6 strain) were used for in vitro n...

This paper analyses the policy implications of licensing between producers of differentiated goods. We consider and compare two-part tariff, fixed fee, royalty and collusive licensing contracts. Under the optimal licensing policy, there will be no technology transfers if the innovation size is sufficiently small and degree of product differentiation is sufficiently low. On the other hand, licen...

This study investigates the impact of different language interfaces on Web-based product searches, by Chinese consumers in Taiwan, and how language familiarity impacts attitudes about the products found. Findings show that understanding the Web page interface language improves product evaluation when the product has high differentiation in the marketplace and is related to decreased evaluations...

This study aims to determine and analyze the effect of Marketing Information Systems Product Differentiation on Consumer Purchase Decisions PT. Medan Deli Kencana Palace. research method is descriptive quantitative. The collection with a survey approach. total population sample in this were 38 people. sampling technique used saturated technique. Data methods are interviews, documentation, quest...

In this article we study patterns of vertical product differentiation in a multi‐product monopoly using a random utility model. Prior research shows that applying such a model in a multi‐product setting implies symmetric patterns of product differentiation in which all product variants of a single firm have the same characteristics. Assuming that preferences differ across consumers and ...

We introduce product differentiation in the model of price competition with strictly convex costs in which firms have to supply all the forthcoming demand. We find that although a continuum of equilibria exists in a homogeneous product market, the competitive price equilibrium is the only robust one. Specifically, as long as the equilibrium correspondence is nonempty, the equilibrium price conv...

We study how firms differ from their competitors using new dynamic measures of product differentiation based on novel text based analysis of 50,673 product descriptions from firm 10-K statements filed yearly with the Securities Exchange Commission. This year-by-year set of firm product differentiation measures allows us to generate a set of dynamic industry classifications and new measures of i...

We study how firms differ from their competitors using new dynamic measures of product differentiation based on novel text-based analysis of 50,673 product descriptions from firm 10-K statements filed yearly with the Securities Exchange Commission. This year-by-year set of product differentiation measures allows us to generate a set of dynamic industries and new measures of industry structure a...