Based on the Dual Mechanisms of Control theory (Braver et al., 2007), this study conducted in 5- and 6-year-olds, tested for a possible shift between two modes of control, proactive vs. reactive, which differ in the way goal information is retrieved and maintained in working memory. To this end, we developed a children-adapted version of the AX-Continuous-Performance Task (AX-CPT). Twenty-nine ...

The dual mechanisms of control account proposed a role for proactive and reactive mechanisms in minimizing or resolving interference in conflict tasks. Proactive mechanisms are activated in advance of stimulus onset and lead to preparatory biasing of attention in a goal-directed fashion. Reactive mechanisms are triggered post-stimulus onset. Using an explicit, trial-by-trial pre-cueing procedur...

In this paper, we present a new application of Discrete-Event Simulation as a forecasting tool for the decision support of the production activity control of a complex manufacturing system. The specificity of such an application of simulation is the short term of the forecasts. This specificity implies that the initial state of the simulation takes into account the actual state of the system. A...

Abstract: People are very good at learning from instructions. Whenever a person receives a novel instruction, she can proactively build a plan in her head and then execute it with a very high accuracy. This proactive planning strategy gets faster over time. Here we test whether training people on proactive strategies will improve their abilities on other tasks that benefit from proactive approa...

The current research investigated differences in reactive and proactive cognitive control as a function of depressive symptomatology. Three participant groups with varying symptom levels (Beck Depression Inventory-II, BDI-II score) completed both the classic and an emotional-face Stroop task separately under speed and accuracy instructions. All groups made equivalent speed-accuracy trade-offs i...

Empirical data indicate that when memory for subspan lists of taxonomically related material is tested immediately after study, prior experience with lists involving the same material has no effect upon recall or recognition. In six experiments, we explored the possibility that immunity to proactive interference (PI) is related to discriminative information that is provided by transient phonemi...

The task-switching paradigm offers enormous possibilities to study cognitive control as well as task interference. The current review provides an overview of recent research on both topics. First, we review different experimental approaches to task switching, such as comparing mixed-task blocks with single-task blocks, predictable task-switching and task-cuing paradigms, intermittent instructio...

Introduction: The evaluation of X-ray and light field coincidence in linear accelerators as a quality control test is often performed subjectively, involving the manual marking of films and their visual inspection following the irradiation. Therefore, the present study aimed to develop an objective method for the performance of this test leading to the increased levels...

background: quality assurance in the hematology laboratory is a must to ensure laboratory users of reliable test results with high degree of precision and accuracy. even after so many advances in hematology laboratory practice, pre-analytical errors remain a challenge for practicing pathologists. this study was undertaken with an objective to evaluate the types and frequency of preanalytical er...