This paper analyzes the impacts of financial liberalization and foreign bank entry on competitiveness and soundness of domestic banking system as well as credit growth in association with financial sector development, focusing on MENA region’s comparative benchmarking performances with those of middle -income countries. We find that financial sector development is positively related to foreign ...

The Australian workplace has emerged as an important venue for influencing the health of employees through regulations and behaviour change programs. Recent surveys have highlighted a growth in this activity but the effectiveness of these programs in changing unhealthy work practices and policies is questionable. The need for strengthening programs by stronger designs and evaluation, and addres...

This paper attempts to examine, using data envelopment analysis, the productivity performance trends of the Indian commercial banks for the period: 1997-98 – 2004-05. Our broad empirical findings are indicative in many ways. First, the increasing average annual trends in technical efficiency for all ownership groups indicate an affirmative gesture about the effect of the reform process on the ...

Despite the growing importance of privatization in economic reform programs, little is known about its empirical effects on wages. Using individual-level data from Mexico, I estimate the effects of privatization on industry wages in four cases: the commercial airlines, Teléfonos de México, Siderúrgica Mexicana, and the commercial banks. I find that: (1) privatization is associated with statisti...

The banking sectors in several Central and Eastern European countries are characterized by a two-tier structure, in which a few large banks dominate the deposit market but are very inactive in the loan market with private borrowers, while many small banks engage in lending but have only small shares of the deposit market. The large banks act as net lenders in the interbank market, while small b...

For Iran as an oil exporter country, heavy reliance on the extractive sector for generating fiscal revenues and export earnings translates into increased vulnerabilities to oil price shocks. The structure of the economic policy, and the   banking systems make macroprudential policy a particular relevant tool for Iran. The capital adequacy is a macro prudential instrument used to maintain the st...

We argue that a higher share of the private sector in a country’s external debt raises the incentive to stabilize the exchange rate. We present a simple model in which exchange rate volatility does not affect agents’ welfare if all the debt is incurred by the government. Once we introduce private banks who borrow in foreign currency and lend to domestic firms, the monetary authority has an ince...

conclusions regarding the control of aggressive behaviors, paying attention to male, young students living in dormitory, especially in non-governmental universities has the highest priority. results a total of 381 (47.2%) male and 428 (52.8%) female students participated in the study. mean (sd) age of the respondents was 21.79 (2.86) years. overall mean aggression score (sd) in the students was...