The public especially in West Malaysia are becoming more aware of their rights and litigations are on the increase. Fortunately in East Malaysia there are fewer cases. The legal aspects of anaesthesia practice are very much on the lines of British system. Here the cause for compensation or legal action depends on the proof of negligence. Currently in West Malaysia all anaesthetics are being giv...

There is usually two parts to the definition of a (programming) language. The first part is what is called the syntax, that is, the sequence of characters, the language constructs (building blocks) that allow one to construct a program in that language. The second part of a language definition is what is termed as the Semantics of the language. Semantics often refers to the behaviour of a progr...

The m-testing of model specification pioneered by Newey (1985) and Tauchen (1985) and extended by White (1987) offers a general framework that unifies many specification tests in the literature. Within the m-testing framework, we consider how to test the hypothesis that a model is correctly specified in each of many groups in the population under study, where each of the groups offers only a fe...

The Molecule of the Month website (http://www.chm.bris.ac.uk/motm/motm.htm) is an educational resource that is celebrating its 20th anniversary. Here we reflect on its pioneering role in promoting new technology for visualizing and presenting chemical information on the web, as well as its achievements, as a free educational resource, both as a teaching aid and as a multi-user, multi-author lea...

A command, control, computers, and communications interoperability assessment framework has been developed to track progress in interoperability over time. It covers technical, human, organizational, and policy/legal aspects of interoperability. Inputs to the framework include military and civilian personnel, domain experts, feedback from various nations, and past methodologies for characterizi...

This paper reviews the constraints imposed on the solar neutrino mixing parameters by data collected by the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory (SNO). The SNO multivariate analysis is reviewed. The global solar neutrino analysis is emphasized in terms of matter-enhanced oscillation of two active flavors. An outline of how SNO uses the data to produce oscillation contour plots and how to include the re...

In this paper, a regression type estimator representing a class of estimators is proposed to estimate the population mean of the study variable. The bias and mean square error of the proposed estimator are obtained. Also the optimizing value of the unknown parameter is derived and the expression of minimum mean square error is obtained. Further since the proposed estimator is biased, a jackknif...

How do disagreements between judges on collegial (multimember) courts affect legal policy? We address this question by developing an account of the nature of judicial disagreements in the case-space model of judicial choice. We distinguish between different types of disagreement, from disagreements about case facts to disagreements about how legal rules should treat varying case facts, and cons...

The purpose of the present paper is to explore both the motivation for confiscating illegal gain and also to look at some of its legal aspects and economic effects. It is argued that the removal of illegal gain may be able to play a significant complementary role, if only by closing the gap between the maximum punishment the law will allow and fines sufficient to represent a credible deterrent....