accountant working in the private or public sector companies must remain impartial and loyal to ethical guidelines when reviewing a company or individuals financial records for reporting purposes. people are expecting a lot from the professional community and the quality of the complex services provided by the accounting profession have confidence. of the information provided by accountants sho...

After adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) for consolidated financial statements by European-listed companies, a number of European countries still require the use of local standards in the preparation of legal entity financial statements. This study investigates whether this requirement can be explained by a low demand for high-quality financial reporting and an orien...

Clearly defined principles are essential elements of GHG accounting and reporting guidelines, protocols, standards to address the unavoidable expert judgments that must be applied ambiguities in these documents. The IPCC guidelines identify transparency, accuracy, completeness, (time series) consistency, comparability as its foundational data quality principles. conservativeness, relevance, see...

This paper focuses on the reform of accounting standards in China in 2007 and investigates its impact on equilibrium pricing in the audit market. We find that the concentration of the audit market and the probability of issuing modified audit opinions do not significantly change, but that audit fees increase significantly after the adoption of the new accounting standards in China. Deeper analy...

OBJECTIVES To contrast pharmacy benefit management (PBM) companies' measured profitability by using two accounting standards. The first accounting standard is that which, under Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP), PBMs are currently allowed to employ. The second accounting standard, seemingly more congruent with the PBM business model, treats the PBM as an agent of the plan sponsor....

Accountant working in the private or public sector companies must remain impartial and loyal to ethical guidelines when reviewing a company or individuals financial records for reporting purposes. People are expecting a lot from the professional community and the quality of the complex services provided by the accounting profession have confidence. Of The information provided by accountants sho...

This study proposed an ontological EPA model (Event, Principle and Account) for describing accounting principles using a reusable knowledge component. The essential characteristics of the model include: (1) based on traditional accounting definitions for typical accounts (A) and business events (E), where the ontological properties of A and E can be identified. These characteristics can be furt...

Disclosures about new financial frauds and scandals are continually appearing in the press. As a consequence, the accounting profession's traditional methods of monitoring corporate financial activities are under intense scrutiny. At the same time, there is recognition that principles-based GAAP from the International Accounting Standards Board will become the recognized standard in the U.S. Th...

When transactions have multiple attributes, achieving uniformity in their classification depends on whether similarities or dissimilarities are of interest; uniformity with respect to both is not possible. The pursuit of uniform written standards at the expense of social norms diminishes the effectiveness of financial reporting in stewardship and governance, and in keeping the security markets ...