aim and back ground: impulsivity and risky decision making is a core element of plenty of individual and social deficits. on the other hand, history of attention deficit disorder and hyperactivity has been reported in many people with these problem particularly addiction. decision making requires basic cognition function such as inhibition, working memory and attention. the aim of the current s...

In this paper we propose and test a valuation methodology for improving the efficiency of contingent claims pricing using Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). Contingent claims is by now a standard method for pricing under uncertainty nonlinear (option embedded) contracts, for both financial options (standardized or customized) and real (investment) opportunities. In the presence of liquid option ...

despite a lot of efforts and investigations worldwide, dnr is still a controversial issue in many countries. in iran although significant achievements are reached in different fields; end of life care is hardly considered as a scientific necessity. development and implementation of clear policies for dnr orders is required to prevent futile prolongation of death, psychological stress to the pat...

Due to the rapid development of technology in recent years, market competition and customer expectations have increased more than ever. In this situation, it is vital for businesses survival to determine the appropriate policy for inventory control, pricing, and routing, and decisions regarding each of them are often made separately. If the products have a perishable nature, it will be more imp...

In this paper, the coordination of pricing and periodic review inventory decisions in a supplier-retailer supply chain (SC) is proposed. In the investigated SC, the retailer faces a stochastic price dependent demand and determines the review period, order-up-to-level, and retail price. On the other hand, the supplier decides on the replenishment multiplier. Firstly, the decentralized and centra...

In this paper, the competition between two supply chains and their elements is studied. Each chain consisted of a manufacturer and a distributor and the two chains compete in a market with single type of customer sensitive to price and delivery time. Therefore, this is a two-supply chain game and during the competition between two supply chains, elements of each supply chain (manufacturer and/o...

BACKGROUND Comparative effectiveness research (CER) is undeniably changing how drugs are developed, launched, priced, and reimbursed in the United States. But most organizations are still evaluating what CER can do for them and how and when they can utilize the data. A roundtable of stakeholders, including formulary decision makers, evaluated CER's possible effects on managed care organizations...

Abstract This study explores the decision-making behaviour of economic actors in relation to transfer pricing by applying a three-layer practice theory. A critical review literature using snowball sampling and thematic analysis interview data from Ministry Finance, tax consultants Zimbabwe Revenue Authority bring light novel conceptualisations perspectives on phenomenon. addresses scholarly gap...