The presentations in this session dealt with four broad variables that influence child and adolescent (youth) use of tobacco--pricing, industry advertising and promotion, access, and prevention programs. Changes in pricing, advertising and access attempt to reduce the supply of tobacco products to youth, and are thought of as supply-side approaches. Prevention programs attempt to reduce demand ...

Based on the Stackelberg game theory, this paper explores incentive effects of five government subsidy strategies agricultural products in e-commerce. A two-tier e-commerce supply chain one farmer and platform is constructed to examine impact different greenness an product, wholesale price, selling profit chain. The results show that effect offering subsidies significant. Also, direct subsidiza...

Abstract Considering the low-carbon supply chain led by one manufacturer and followed retailer, market demand is influenced investment of product promotion degree emission reduction. Stackelberg game theory used to construct models with no-incentive model three incentive models, respectively. The equilibrium solutions products promotion, reduction, demand, cost-sharing ratio retailer’s governme...

Due to the hugely populated world, recycling of used products has become most significant perspective in e-commerce. The scientists have been exploring how increases degree recyclability and green innovation level. This paper considers a supply chain with manufacturer, retailer, supplier, collector. manufacturer can increase or decrease level by changing quality raw materials. He sells them thr...

Firstly, this paper develop a basic two-echelon DCSC model as the comparative benchmark in the general case of the stochastic demand effected by the service level of the retailer, where the manufacturer's optimal direct price, wholesale price and the retailer's optimal retail price were achieved under Stackelberg game. Then, through incorporate the fairness preference and risk-aversion characte...

0377-2217/$ see front matter 2012 Elsevier B.V. A http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2012.09.003 ⇑ Corresponding author. Tel.: +886 35742653; fax: E-mail address: [email protected] (U.-P. Wen This study considers pricing policies in a supply chain with one manufacturer, who sells a product to an independent retailer and directly to consumers through an Internet channel. In addition to the manu...

We consider a non-orthogonal multiple access scheme e.g. CDMA based cellular multi-channel cognitive radio network (CRN). Here multiple secondary users share a common set of channels simultaneously. For such an environment, we develop a distributed power allocation approach based on a game theoretic formulation among secondary users to satisfy their rate requirement. We model the problem using ...

While advance booking programs have been shown to be e¤ective for …rms to manage uncertain demand, the e¤ectiveness of such programs is unclear when supply, demand, and price risks are present in a supply chain. Motivated by an advance booking program for managing these three types of risks in a ‡u vaccine supply chain, we present a two-stage Stackelberg game model to examine the dynamic intera...

Environmental and social responsibilities have led many manufacturers to used products recovery. Meanwhile, many manufacturers nowadays sell products via indirect retailer channels and direct Internet channels. This paper models a dual-channel closed-loop supply chain to improve the sustainability of products. We apply the two-stage optimization technique and the Nash game to examine the impact...

In this paper, several seller–buyer supply chain models are proposed which incorporate both cost factors as well as elements of competition and cooperation between seller and buyer. We assume that unit marketing expenditure and unit price charged by the buyer influence the demand of the product being sold. The relationships between seller and buyer will be modeled by non-cooperative and coopera...