This article reports on the use of a shock tunnel to study the operation of scramjet powered configurations at sub-orbital velocities above 2 km/s. Thrust, as given by a net thrust equation, is used as a figure of merit throughout the study. After a short description of the shock tunnel used and its operating characteristics, experiments on the combustion release of heat in a constant area duct...

BACKGROUND External ventricular drain involves catheter placement in ventricles of brain. It is used for various purposes. Basic theme is to drain cerebrospinal fluid so as to control intracranial pressure. This study was carried out to see the effect of tunnel length on rate of infection. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study carried out in Department of Neurosurgery, Pakistan Institute o...

New rotor blades are to be fabricated for the 24 foot diameter, 3-stage axial compressor which provides airflow in the 11by 11-Foot Transonic Wind Tunnel Facility at NASA Ames Research Center in Moffett Field, California. This presents an opportunity to increase the peak Mach number capability of the tunnel by redesigning the compressor for increased pressure ratio. Simulations of the existing ...

Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is by far the most common cause of median nerve damage. The carpal tunnel is an anatomical compartment of the hand; it is bounded on three sides by carpal bones which form an arch, and on the palmar side by the transverse carpal ligament. Pathogenesis CTS results from compromise of median nerve function at the wrist, caused by increased pressure in the carpal tunnel...

Because of the complications of impingement of anterior cruciate ligament grafts on the intercondylar roof and because current surgical procedures locate the tibial tunnel such that impingement is avoided during passive but not active extension, the objectives of this study were to determine if (a) active extension precipitates and aggravates roof impingement, and (b) a roofplasty mitigates the...

Recent advances in computing subsonic flow have been applied to helicopter configurations with various degrees of success. This paper is a comparison of two specific methods applied to a particularly challenging regime of helicopter flight, very low speeds, where the interaction of the rotor wake and the fuselage are most significant. Comparisons are made between different methods of predicting...

Eight roughness configurations in Clemson boundary layer wind tunnel are presented. For these configurations, flow parameters such as turbulent intensities, integral length scales, largeand smallscale turbulence, and spectra of velocity components of the wind are obtained and studied to the simulated turbulence. At the same time, new analyzing tools, orthogonal wavelet techniques, are applied t...

Reynolds number and cowl position effects on the internal shock structure and the resulting performance of a generic three-dimensional sidewall compression scramjet inlet with a leading edge sweep of 45 degrees at Mach 10 have been examined both computationally and experimentally. Prior to the experiment, a threedimensional Navier-Stokes code was adapted to perform preliminary parametric studie...

Air gap impulse discharge characteristics of railway tunnel-catenary at high-altitude are great significance to the electrical insulation design. The existing altitude correction methods for non-uniform air gaps not applicable tunnel-catenary. To investigate tunnel-catenary, a typical structural model was built in an artificial climate chamber. Different altitudes were simulated by adjusting at...