Introduction/purpose: Hydrogen is the most abundant element in universe (75 % by mass) and lightest (with a density of 0.00082 g/cm3 ) which consists only one proton electron. Because its presence many different forms such as gaseous hydrogen, plasma species, water, acid, alkaline, ammonia hydrocarbons, it has various applications industrial disciplines. Methods: Different hydrometallurgical py...

Trialkylamine-mediated intramolecular cyclization of pent-4-enoyl chlorides was studied. Substitution with a tertiary alkyl group at the 2-position gave cyclopent-2-en-1-ones, while substitution with an aromatic group gave enol esters, which were formed by O-acylation of initially formed 3-chlorocyclopentanones with ketenes.

Chloride content is a critical problem for the reuse of fly ash as a raw material in cement, and the method used by recyclers to reduce the fly ash chloride content depends on the chemical form of the chlorides. However, limited information is available on the quantitative distribution of chlorides and the identity of some chlorides such as Friedel's salt. We examined chloride forms and percent...

Renewed interest in blood chlorides has been aroused by Allen,’ who has endeavored to show that salt retention is the cause of pure hypertension, and also of the hypertension in many cases of kidney disease. The estimation of this constituent has been most often conducted on the plasma, rather than on whole blood, but there would now appear to be some question as to the reliability of plasma an...

Hydrolyses of acid derivatives (e.g., carboxylic acid chlorides and fluorides, fluoro- and chloroformates, sulfonyl chlorides, phosphorochloridates, anhydrides) exhibit pseudo-first order kinetics. Reaction mechanisms vary from those involving a cationic intermediate (SN1) to concerted SN2 processes, and further to third order reactions, in which one solvent molecule acts as the attacking nucle...

introduction water quality refers to the chemical, physical and biological characteristics of water. it is a measure of the condition of water relative to the requirements of one or more biotic species and or to any human need or purpose. it is most frequently used by reference to a set of standards against which compliance can be assessed. the most common standards used to assess water quality...

Glutamic Semialdehyde, Synthesis, Reactivity, Glutamic Acid, Derivatives Glutamic-1-semialdehyde which is discussed to be involved in the early steps of chlorophyll biosynthesis, has been synthesized from glutamic acid by reduction of several N-protected carboxylic acid derivatives like the N-CBO-glutamic acid-1-dimethyl amide or methylanilide, the pyroglutamic acid imidazolide and the acid chl...

Substituted 1, 2, 4Triazoles have shown multiple biological activities such as anti-inflammatory, anti fungal, etc. 5-mercapto triazoles were prepared from the potassium dithiocarbazinates. These triazoles were used for preparation of different derivatives by two different schemes. In the first scheme the Mannich bases were prepared from 5marcapto-s triazole Quinazolines. The 5-Marcato-s-Triazo...