Several reports have described the effect of different forms of energy on gaseous mixtures of methane, ammonia, hydrogen, and water-the kind of mixture that probably comprised the atmosphere of the prebiotic earth.'-3 While the formation of amino acids in such experiments has been clearly demonstrated, there is little evidence for the formation of the heterocyclic bases which are major constitu...

this study was performed to investigate the effects of antibiotic, organic acid, probiotic and prebiotic supplementation on performance, egg shell quality, ph value of gastrointestinal (gi) tract and small intestinal morphology of laying hens. the experiment was a completely randomized design with 160 laying hens strain (w-36) from 32 to 42 weeks of age, with five treatments, four replicates an...

Phosphorus is a key biologic element, and a prebiotic pathway leading to its incorporation into biomolecules has been difficult to ascertain. Most potentially prebiotic phosphorylation reactions have relied on orthophosphate as the source of phosphorus. It is suggested here that the geochemistry of phosphorus on the early Earth was instead controlled by reduced oxidation state phosphorus compou...

The RNA World hypothesis presupposes that abiotic reactions originally produced nucleotides, the monomers of RNA and universal constituents of metabolism. However, compatible prebiotic reactions for the synthesis of complementary (that is, base pairing) nucleotides and mechanisms for their mutual selection within a complex chemical environment have not been reported. Here we show that two plaus...

This work attempts to rationalize the possible prebiotic profile of the first dipeptides of about 4 billion years ago based on a computational discrete dynamic system that uses the final yields of the dipeptides obtained in Rode's experiments of salt-induced peptide formation (Rode et al., 1999, Peptides 20: 773-786). The system built a prebiotic scenario that allowed us to observe that (i) the...

This article discusses the hypothesized composition and organization of cytoplasm in prebiotic cells from a theoretical perspective and also based upon what is currently known about bacterial cytoplasm. It is unknown if the first prebiotic, microscopic scale, cytoplasm was initially contained within a primitive, continuous, semipermeable membrane, or was an uncontained gel substance, that later...

this study was conducted because of influence of prebiotics (alphamune) and symbiotic (biomin) on histometrical development of small intestine and lymphatic tissue of caecal tonsil have been not reported on broiler chicken. in this study, different parts of small intestine and caecal tonsil, which is a major area of gut associated lymphatic tissue (galt) in chicken were selected. one hundred an...