introduction: tetanus is a serious infectious disease and the most common cause of neonatal mortality in developing countries. although neonatal tetanus (nt) can be prevented by immunization of expectant mothers, good hygiene and asepsis during delivery, total eradication of organism is not possible. methods: the cross-sectional study was done on 480 pregnant women after delivery. data was coll...

BACKGROUND Immunization coverage in Ethiopia is less than the herd immunity level desired to prevent the spread of eight target diseases targeted by the World Health Organization's Expanded Program of Immunization. In particular, the Somali region of the country still has by far the lowest level of immunization coverage. The objective of this study was to measure the immunization coverage of 12...

background: recurrent spontaneous abortion (rsa) is defined as three or more se-quential abortions before the twentieth week of gestation. there are evidences to sup-port an allo-immunologic mechanism for rsa. one of the methods for treatment of rsa is leukocyte therapy; however there is still controversy about effectiveness of this method. objectives: to evaluate the effectiveness of leukocyte...

BACKGROUND The recent emergence of multi-drug-resistant Salmonella strains highlights the need for better preventive measures, including vaccination. Safe and immunologic vaccines have been developed based on purified Vi polysaccharide. OBJECTIVE To compare the immune response elicited by two different brands of Salmonella Vi capsular polysaccharide vaccine (ViCPS). SETTING AND DESIGN Doubl...

BACKGROUND Vaccination is a proven tool in preventing and eradicating communicable diseases, but a considerable proportion of childhood morbidity and mortality in Ethiopia is due to vaccine preventable diseases. Immunization coverage in many parts of the country remains low despite the efforts to improve the services. In 2005, only 20% of the children were fully vaccinated and about 1 million c...

objective(s): an efficient vaccine against tb is an urgent need. tb peptides are safe candidate but they are weak immunogens and needs to be potentiated by adjuvant/delivery systems. the main purpose of the present study was to determine the potential of cht based nps containing esat-6 antigen of m. tuberculosis for inducing mucosal and systemic immune responses after intranasal and subcutaneou...

Background: Pandemics and disease outbreaks necessitate the continuation of routine immunization vaccination for a specific age group along with safety measures healthcare professionals. India witnessed COVID-19 pandemic drastic rise in number cases across states union territories 2020. Routine childhood immunizations suffered mainly because an overburdened health system coupled fear infection....

background: toxoplasma gondii is an obligatory intracellular protozoan parasite on which studies are pending regarding production of vaccine. to date, the production of human vaccine has not been successful where approximately one third of the world’s population is thought to be infected with t. gondii. objectives: the present study was designed to compare the electrophoretic patterns of t. gon...