V ascular dementia is the second most common cause of dementia 1 and is increasing in prevalence in developing countries. 2 Vascular dementia usually occurs in association with vascular risk factors or after transient ischemic attack (TIA) or stroke 3 and commonly manifests with a decline in cognitive function, apathy, and depression, and can eventually result in death. 1,4 Blood pressure (BP),...

Background: Dysphagia is commonly seen in patients with severe dementia and increases the risk of mortality. The nature swallowing disorders caused by cognitive difficulties differs from post-stroke dysphagia. relationship between dysphagia function vital for determining best diagnostic treatment plan dementia-associated Objectives: In current research, we suggest a model to identify role occur...

Dementia is a huge and growing global problem, with up to 25 million cases worldwide and a new case developing every seven seconds (Ferri et al., 2005). Numbers are set to double in the next 25 years and double again in the next 25, thus showing an exponential rise. Costs to health and social care are enormous, with a recent UK Alzheimer’s Research Trust report estimating that annual costs of d...

OBJECTIVE To examine the contribution of cerebrovascular disease to dementia. METHODS We used the records-linkage system of the Rochester Epidemiology Project to ascertain incident cases of dementia in Rochester, Minn, for 1985 through 1989. We defined dementia using the criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition. To define dementia types, we reviewe...

BACKGROUND High blood pressure and stroke are associated with increased risks of dementia and cognitive impairment. This study aimed to determine whether blood pressure lowering would reduce the risks of dementia and cognitive decline among individuals with cerebrovascular disease. METHODS The Perindopril Protection Against Recurrent Stroke Study (PROGRESS) was a randomized, double-blind, pla...

INTRODUCTION Mechanisms underlying social determinants of stroke and dementia are unclear and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) may contribute as a molecular link. METHODS Using the Framingham Study, we examined social relationship measures as predictors of higher serum BDNF level and cumulative incidence of stroke and dementia. RESULTS Among 3294 participants, controlling for age an...

A lot of studies have focused on cerebrovascular disease as an independent cause of dementia. In a study with consecutive stroke patients aged sixty and older, 26.3% of patients were demented three months after the stroke (Desmond et al., 2000). Within the demented patients, 57.1% had dementia directly related with stroke and 38.7% had dementia due to the combined effects of stroke and Alzheime...

BACKGROUND Epileptic seizures are well known sequelae of patients with stroke but only little is known about the different risk factors and about the influence of the different types of stroke including sinus thrombosis and bleedings on developing such seizures. Further, the association of post-stroke seizures and conventional vascular risk factors has not been evaluated to date. METHODS We p...

BACKGROUND Although cognitive decline is frequent after stroke, there has been very little work focussing upon older age groups, in whom the majority of strokes occur. OBJECTIVE To determine whether cognitive decline is more common in older (>75) compared to younger (<75) stroke survivors. METHOD A cohort of 360 stroke survivors of all ages from a stroke register in Newcastle, UK, were asse...