—Since European colonization and subsequent commercialization of Appalachian medicinal and edible plants, millions of kilograms of plant material have been extracted from our forests, with little effort to manage these species as natural resources. Roots and rhizomes of black cohosh, a native Appalachian forest herb, are extensively harvested for treatment of menopausal symptoms. As nearly all ...

Balancing timber production and conservation in forest management requires an understanding of how timber harvests affect wildlife species. Terrestrial salamanders are useful indicators of mature forest ecosystem health due to their importance to ecosystem processes and sensitivity to environmental change. However, the effects of timber harvests on salamanders, though often researched, are stil...

Nebraska’s Central Platte River Valley (CPRV) is a major spring-staging area for migratory birds. Over 6 million ducks, geese, and sandhill cranes (Grus canadensis) stage there en route to tundra, boreal forest, and prairie breeding habitats, storing nutrients for migration and reproduction by consuming primarily corn remaining in fields after harvest (hereafter residual corn). In springs 2005–...

All studies were categorised according to the strength of the evidence based on the following revised classification system. Level I Evidence obtained from a systematic review of all relevant randomised controlled trials. Level II Evidence obtained from at least one properly designed randomised controlled trial. Level III.1 Evidence obtained from well designed pseudo-randomised controlled trial...

Recently attention has been focused on cane quality as a means of improving the overall performance of the South African sugar industry. Work by the SMRI pioneered the use of ethanol as an indicatorand showed a lossof between 2 and 3% of the mass of sucrose in fresh cane for every 1 000 ppm ethanol on brix. Results obtained during the implementation of this procedure routinely during the 1991 s...

Agricultural residues are produced in large quantities throughout the world. Approximately, 1kg of residue is produced for each kilogram of grains harvested. This ratio of grain/residue translates into an excess of 40 billion ton of crop residue produced each year in the USA. These residues are renewable resources that could be used to produce ethanol and many other value added products. In thi...

Recently attention has been focused on cane quality as a means of improving the overall performance of the South African sugar industry. Work by the SMRI pioneered the use of ethanol as an indicator and showed a loss of between 2 and 3% of the mass of sucrose in fresh cane for every 1 000 ppm ethanol on brix. Results obtained during the implementation of this procedure routinely during the 1991...

Bananas are cultivated in more than 120 countries and on the five continents in tropical and subtropical areas [7]. Bananas production is the fourth most significant of the world in terms of tonnage, after rice, wheat and maize. In 2013, world production was estimated at more than 106 million tons, of which 2 million produced in Caribbean [8]. However, only a small part is produced for commerci...

Seventeen blackberry cultivars were evaluated for postharvest fruit-rot resistance in June and July, 2003. Fully mature, undamaged berries were harvested on two dates for each genotype at the University of Arkansas Fruit Substation, Clarksville. After transporting in chilled coolers to the Plant Pathology Department in Fayetteville, two replications of 10 berries of each genotype were placed in...