Soil pipes are common and important features of many catchments, particularly in semi-arid and humid areas, and can contribute a large proportion of runoff to river systems. They may also significantly influence catchment sediment and solute yield. However, there are often problems in finding and defining soil pipe networks which are located deep below the surface. Ground-penetrating radar (GPR...

Using single-electrode current-clamp and two-electrode voltage-clamp, different identified neurones of the leech (Hirudo medicinalis L.) were shown to hyperpolarize, or to exhibit outward currents (usually >2 nA), during bath application of the organic buffers Mops, Pipes and Mes (10 mmol l-1). Tris and Hepes had little or no effect on the membrane properties of neurones when they were added to...

introduction: maintaining soil moisture content at about field capacity and reducing water loss in near root zone plays a key role for developing soil and water management programs. clay pot or porous pipe is a traditional sub-irrigation method and is ideal for many farms in the world’s dry land with small and medium sized farms and gardens and is still used limitedly in dry lands of india, ira...

In the present research, nonlinear vibration in a coupled system of Boron-Nitride nano-tube reinforced composite (BNNTRC) oil pipes is studied. Single-walled Boron-Nitride nano-tubes (SWBNNTs) are arranged in a longitudinal direction inside Poly-vinylidene fluoride (PVDF) matrix. Damping and shearing effects of surrounded medium are taken into account by visco-Pasternak model. Based on piezoele...