The cancer mortality ratios (CMRs) in Poland in high and low level radiation areas were analyzed based on information from national cancer registry. Presented ecological study concerned six regions, extending from the largest administration areas (a group of voivodeships), to the smallest regions (single counties). The data show that the relative risk of cancer deaths is lower in the higher rad...

There has been minimal theoretical exploration of the role of epigenetic variation in the response to natural selection. Using a population genetic model, I derive formulae that characterize the response of epigenetic variation to selection over multiple generations. Unlike genetic models in which mutation rates are assumed to be low relative to the strength of selection, the response to select...

With the development and adoption of the Common Core State Standards (CCSS) for K-12, there has been a shift toward challenging students to demonstrate higher-order thinking skills. This shift includes specific goals in the area of information literacy (IL). Recently, however, as one of the authors reviewed student writing in her undergraduate pre-service and graduate teacher education classes ...

an immune response in the recipient: this may be the intended effect, as in the case of vaccines, or unintended. Depending on the nature and magnitude of the response, unintended immunogenicity can impact negatively on overall clinical benefit and risk. All biopharmaceutical products have an intrinsic immunogenic potential by virtue of molecular features that can stimulate cells of the adaptive...

UNLABELLED Genome-wide association studies are an invaluable tool for identifying genotypic loci linked with agriculturally important traits or certain diseases. The signal on which such studies rely upon can, however, be obscured by population stratification making it necessary to account for it in some way. Population stratification is dependent on when admixture happened and thus can occur a...

The level of fertility in Igbo, eastern Nigeria, was examined using demographic estimation techniques. A survey was conducted among 1000 women in the communities of Owerri, Orlu, and Awo-Idemili. Data for the analysis were taken from the study of lactation and birth spacing dynamics. The analysis showed that the completed family size in the Igbo area is 6.1. Results of various techniqu...

Adaptive eLearning systems are able to adjust to a user’s learning needs, usually by user modeling or tracking progress. Such learner-adaptive behavior has rapidly become a hot topic for eLearning, furthered in part by the recent rapid increase in the use of MOOCs (Massive Open Online Courses). A lack of general, individual, and situational data about student populations currently hampers the i...

BACKGROUND PLINK 1 is a widely used open-source C/C++ toolset for genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and research in population genetics. However, the steady accumulation of data from imputation and whole-genome sequencing studies has exposed a strong need for faster and scalable implementations of key functions, such as logistic regression, linkage disequilibrium estimation, and genomic di...

The Department of Fisheries and Oceans in Canada is experimenting with a commercial fishery on the European green crab (Carcinus maenas), an invasive species in North America, to help reduce the negative impact this animal has on ecosystems and native shellfish populations. We determined the break-even price that fishers would require for green crabs under different fishing scenarios (i.e. diff...

An index of population structure (Fst) is used to test the null hypothesis that the genetic factor extracted from GWAS hits represents differences between populations due to migrations and drift. Employing the 1000 Genomes data, a regression of average IQ distances on the general intelligence genetic factor and Fst distances shows that the former is the only significant predictor of IQ distance...