INTRODUCTION Medicaid recipients are disproportionately affected by tobacco-related disease because their smoking prevalence is approximately 53% greater than that of the overall US adult population. This study estimates state-level smoking-attributable Medicaid expenditures. METHODS We used state-level and national data and a 4-part econometric model to estimate the fraction of each state's ...

BACKGROUND Several studies have estimated the burden of coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality from ambient regional particulate matter ≤ 2.5 μm (PM2.5). The burden of near-roadway air pollution (NRAP) generally has not been examined, despite evidence of a causal link with CHD. OBJECTIVE We investigated the CHD burden from NRAP and compared it with the PM2.5 burden in the California South Coa...

Background Low birth weight (LBW) affects 6.9% of all UK births and has remained largely unchanged for many years. The United Nations and the World Health Assembly have set targets to substantially reduce global incidence. Understanding the contribution of modifiable risk factors to the burden of LBW is required to ensure appropriate interventions are in place to achieve this reduction. Metho...

Recent studies have identified the rs75932628 (R47H) variant in TREM2 as an Alzheimer's disease risk factor with estimated odds ratio ranging from 2.9 to 5.1. The Cache County Memory Study is a large, population-based sample designed for the study of memory and aging. We genotyped R47H in 2974 samples (427 cases and 2540 control subjects) from the Cache County study using a custom TaqMan assay....

Objective—This study analyzes the population attributable fraction (PAF) of bicycle head injuries due to non-helmet use. Methods—The concept of the PAF and Levin’s formula for its calculation were used to develop mathematical models for estimation of: (i) attributable fraction of bicycle related head injuries in the population due to non-helmet use, (ii) expected proportion of helmeted cases am...

Objective—This study analyzes the population attributable fraction (PAF) of bicycle head injuries due to non-helmet use. Methods—The concept of the PAF and Levin’s formula for its calculation were used to develop mathematical models for estimation of: (i) attributable fraction of bicycle related head injuries in the population due to non-helmet use, (ii) expected proportion of helmeted cases am...

OBJECTIVE This study analyzes the population attributable fraction (PAF) of bicycle head injuries due to non-helmet use. METHODS The concept of the PAF and Levin's formula for its calculation were used to develop mathematical models for estimation of: (i) attributable fraction of bicycle related head injuries in the population due to non-helmet use, (ii) expected proportion of helmeted cases ...

Objective-To estimate the fraction of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) that is attributable to work in the total adult population of the island ofMontreal. Methods-The population consisted of 1.1 million people 20 to 64 years of age, with 73.2% of men and 60.6% of women employed. The rates of first surgery for CTS were compared between occupational groups and the total adult population with the sta...

OBJECTIVE To estimate the fraction of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) that is attributable to work in the total adult population of the island of Montreal. METHODS The population consisted of 1.1 million people 20-64 years of age, with 73.2% of men and 60.6% of women employed. The rates of first surgery for CTS were compared between occupational groups and the total adult population with the sta...