The genetic structure of an intra-host viral population has an effect on many clinically important phenotypic traits such as escape from vaccine induced immunity, virulence, and response to antiviral therapies. Next-generation sequencing provides read-coverage sufficient for genomic reconstruction of a heterogeneous, yet highly similar, viral population; and more specifically, for the detection...

This paper focuses on the approach to population projections that has been labeled scenario analysis. It looks at the original meaning of "scenario" and then discusses its appropriate usage in population projections with respect to several criteria, especially that of consistency of assumptions. Next, the paper describes the practical considerations and actual experiences in an IIASA effort to ...

In population genetic study, one of the first analyses is to explore the relationships among the frequencies of alleles within or between loci. Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium is tested for two alleles of a single locus, and the linkage disequilibrium is tested for an allele from each of two loci. Although the equilibrium plays an important role and often serves as a basis for genetic inference, res...

0278-4165/$ see front matter 2011 Elsevier Inc. A doi:10.1016/j.jaa.2011.10.004 ⇑ Corresponding author. E-mail addresses: [email protected] (E.E. Jones), d DeWitte). Eight years ago, Ramenofsky et al. (2003) characterized the discussion of the impact of Old World diseases on Native American populations as almost exclusively historical in nature. They specifically argued for the application of mor...

Problematic video play has been well documented over the course of the last decade. So much so the DSM-5 (APA, 2013) has included problematic video gaming as disorder categorized as Internet Gaming Disorder. The field of applied behavior analysis has been utilizing functional assessments for the last 30 years and has showed evidence of effective results across different populations and environm...

Fatigue crack growth rate depends not only on the load amplitude, but also on the morphology of crack path. The strain energy density theory has the ability to analyze crack growth rate. A strain energy density crack growth model is proposed. It can predict the lifetime of fatigue crack growth for mixed mode cracks while an equation for mode I crack is also obtained. The validity of the model i...