The algorithm of Maas and Pope (1992) is presented as a method for identification of invariant reduced-order manifolds for stable systems which exhibit dynamics with a time-scale separation. While this method has been published previously in the literature, theoretical justification for the algorithm was not presented in the original work. Here, it will be shown rigorously that the algorithm co...

At the conclusion of the famous article of 1953 announcing the molecular structure of DNA, Watson and Crick observed “that the specific pairing we have postulated immediately suggests a possible copying mechanism for genetic material.” Six months later, Pope Pius XII addressed the First International Conference of Medical Genetics on ethical issues. The Pope said that since the aim of genetics ...

Recent years have seen a dramatic increase in the application of biologically-inspired algorithms to business problems. Applications of neural networks and evolutionary algorithms have become common. However, as yet there have been few applications of artificial immune systems (AIS), algorithms that are inspired by the workings of the natural immune system. The natural immune system can be cons...