In forests where the overstorey canopy has been disturbed by timber harvest or other means, evapotranspiration (ET) understorey may be main flux of water back to atmosphere. However, little research apportioned directly measuring use, and technology do so is thus limited. Here, we used a portable chamber quickly measure ET from soil vegetation enclosed chamber. This method was in third-growth c...

Using natural waste as a source of minerals and biostimulants can offer many advantages in the production plants containers. The research aimed to evaluate usefulness cakes obtained from camelina seed oil (Camelina sativa) cultivation ferns. greenhouse experiment used ornamental ferns rich health-promoting compounds: Onoclea sensibilis, Polypodium vulgare, Polystichum polyblepharum. Plants were...

The water fern Azolla harbors nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterium Anabaena azollae as symbiont in its dorsal leaves and is known as potent N2 fixer. Present investigation was carried out to study the influence of fresh Azolla when used as basal incorporation in soil and as dual cropped with rice variety Mahsoori separately and together with and without chemical nitrogen fertilizer in pots kept under...

Muscodor albus, an endophytic fungus originally isolated from Cinnamomum zeylanicum, produces a mixture of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in culture and its spectrum of antimicrobial activity is broad. Using the original isolate of M. albus as a selection tool, it has been possible to find other culturally and biochemically unique wild-type isolates of this organism existing as endophytes in...

The epiphytic fern Microgramma squamulosa occurs in the Neotropics and shows dimorphic sterile and fertile leaves. The present study aimed to describe and compare qualitatively and quantitatively macroscopic and microscopic structural characteristics of the dimorphic leaves of M. squamulosa, to point more precisely those characteristics which may contribute to epiphytic adaptations. In June 200...

The haploid gametophytes of the fern Ceratopteris richardii are autotrophic and develop independently of the diploid sporophyte plant. While haploid genetics is useful for screening and characterizing mutations affecting gametophyte development in Ceratopteris, it is difficult to assess whether a gametophytic mutation is dominant or recessive or to determine allelism by complementation analysis...

Tropical ferns are characterized by a high diversity of plant life forms, yet there have been few largescale studies on the functional ecology of these diVerent forms. We examined epiphytic, hemiepiphytic, and terrestrial ferns, and asked whether there are diVerences in the mineral nutrition and water relations across diVerent growth forms of a diverse assemblage of species. We measured speciWc...

The effects of hot water treatments on a California population of the foliar nematode, Aphelenchoides fragariae, and on five strawberry cuttivars ('Chandler', 'Douglas', 'Fern', 'Pajaro', and 'Selva') were assessed in laboratory and greenhouse tests. Nematodes extracted from fern leaves were placed in water maintained at 44.4, 46.1,47.7, or 49.4 C for different time periods. Exposure periods of...