a copolymer of styrene and methyl styrene was synthesized by nitroxide - mediated “living” free radical polymerization )nmp). n-bromosuccinimide was used as a brominating agent to obtain a copolymer with bromine as its end group. this brominated copolymer was used as macro initiators for atom transfer  radical  polymerization  (atrp).  chemical  modifcation  of  the  clay  and transformation of...

In this study, we develop a classification system for describing polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) spread in vertebral bodies after kyphoplasty or vertebroplasty for vertebral compression fractures (VCFs) and for assessing whether PMMA spread varies between operators, VCF etiology, or vertebral level. Intraoperative fluoroscopic images of 198 vertebral levels were reviewed in 137 patients (women, ...

paradigms. In some instances, they have enabled surgeons to perform procedures that would otherwise be impossible. Elsewhere, they have minimized potential morbidity. In the field of neurological surgery, deep brain stimulation would fit in the former category and endovascular treatment of cerebral aneurysms the latter. Reinforcement of pathological fractures of the vertebral axis, usually with...

The influence of electron beam lithography parameters (such as energy, resist thickness, the exposure dose) on sidewall shape (profile) was studied for PMMA (polymethyl-methacrylate) positive resist. profile tone investigated depending varying doses thicknesses 600 and 1300 nm, energy 30 keV. Simulation results based measurements along depth are presented discussed. obtained contribute to knowl...

The synthesis and characterization of nanoparticles comprising a polymer core and a silica shell, with and without a silane-coupling agent between the core and the shell, is presented in this paper. The first step in the nanoparticle synthesis is a “surfactant free” radical suspension polymerization in water of monomeric units of methylmethacrylate in the presence of methoxypolyethilene glycol ...

the studies report the synthesis of novel graft copolymer of oatmeal. polymethyl methacrylate grafting was carried out on oatmeal backbone via ‘microwave assisted’ approach. the graft copolymers were optimized by varying monomer and can concentration. the synthesized graft copolymers were characterized by intrinsic viscosity, ftir, tga, sem, elemental analysis, number average molecular weight a...

This paper presents the generation and characterization of femtosecond pulses utilizing graphene-polymethyl-methacrylate (PMMA) thin-film saturable absorber (SA), which is subjected to different lengths single-mode fiber (SMF) in an erbium-doped laser cavity. The graphene/PMMA-SA prepared by using a simple transfer procedure on ferrule. By increasing SMF length from 0 4 m, corresponding group v...