The permeability or crossover characteristics of a typical perfluorosulfonic acid base type membrane are used for the temporal and spatial estimations of nitrogen concentration along the anode channels of a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell stack. The predicted nitrogen accumulation is then used to estimate the impact of local fuel starvation on stack voltage through the notion of apparent...

In this review, we have examined the different models for polymer-electrolyte fuel cells operating with hydrogen. The major focus has been on transport of the various species within the fuel cell. The different regions of the fuel cell were examined, and their modeling methodologies and equations were elucidated. In particular, the 1-D fuel-cell sandwich was discussed thoroughly because it is t...

A fuel cell has been considered as an efficient and clean alternative power source for automobile industry since the energy crisis forced people to find a substitution for fossil fuels. A proton exchange membrane fuel cell, also known as polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), becomes a prime candidate for applications in vehicles because of its following features: the PEMFC operates at...

The development of innovative technologies based on employing green energy carriers, such as hydrogen, is becoming high in demand, especially the automotive sector, a result challenges associated with sustainable mobility. In present review, detailed overview entire hydrogen supply chain proposed, spanning from its production to storage and final use cars. Notably, main focus Polymer Electrolyt...

output characteristics of fuel cells are affected by a large number of parameters such as geometry, dimensions, construction materials and conditions of supplying fluids. in this paper a mathematical model followed by a two-dimensional numerical approach has been presented to study the fuel cell parametrically. effect of oxygen concentration at gas diffusion layer entrance, temperature and pres...

A full three-dimensional, single phase computational fluid dynamics model of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) with both the gas distribution flow channels and the Membrane Electrode Assembly (MEA) has been developed. A single set of conservation equations which are valid for the flow channels, gas-diffusion electrodes, catalyst layers, and the membrane region are developed and numer...

Proton exchange membranes (PEM) for a direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) have main drawbacks which are methanol permeability, reduced proton conductivity and the cost of the membrane. This paper reviews different polymeric materials such as fluorinated, non-fluorinated, acid-base complex, and composite membranes for DMFC. Currently, nonfluorinated membranes gain a lot of atte...

This paper proposes a backstepping method controller for the polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC)air supply system. The control objective is adjusting cathode pressure to its reference value quickly, in order solve problem of excessive extreme difference between anode and practice. Considering model uncertainty some disturbances, we design an extend state observer (ESO) estimate distu...