Studies with glycolic acid oxidase and glyoxylic acid reductase isolated from green leaves have led to the suggestion that these enzymes play a part in the oxygen uptake of leaf tissue (l-3). Glycolic acid oxidase is a flavoprotein which is capable of directly oxidizing glycolic acid, a substance rapidly produced during photosynthesis (4, 5). As has been demonstrated in model systems, the oxida...

The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is the most commonly injured intra-articular ligament of the knee, and limitations in existing reconstruction grafts have prompted an interest in tissue engineered solutions. Previously, we reported on a tissue-engineered ACL scaffold fabricated using a novel, three-dimensional braiding technology. A critical factor in determining cellular response to such a...

This website provides an excellent overview of PLA as a polymer, its properties, and manufacture. This web article describes the production of lactic acid from biomass by microbial fermentation coupled to a poly-merization process to make PLA. The article is a bit dated and its industrial projections are now seen to be a bit over-optimistic. NatureWorks is the company that started large-scale p...

Nowadays, there are several efforts in immunotherapy especially biodegradable and biocompatible nano-polymers are using as immunomodulatory to induce cell mediated immune responses [1]. The advantages of nanoparticles have been proved to be potent immunomodulators in several kinds of vaccines to control a release of antigen, higher quality and quantity of immune responses and protect the integr...