A novel method for the preparation of composites based on poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and microand nano-fibrillated cellulose (M/NFC) is reported. The addition of crosslinking HEMA monomers and a photo-initiator enabled the formation of an interpenetrated polymer network that displayed enhanced interfacial adhesion and dispersion of (M/ NFC) in the matrix. Photo-crosslinked PVA/(M/ NFC)/polyHEMA ...

In this study, it was aimed to synthesize and characterize a new polymeric cryogel system be formed with linoleic acid (PLina), vegetable oil-based fatty acid, the widely preferred 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) monomer. cryogels. For purpose, firstly, autoxidation hydroxylation reactions were carried out for lineloic respectively. Hydroxylated (PLina-OH) HEMA monomer subjected cryogenic ge...

In the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 and in the enterobacterium Escherichia coli &aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is formed from glutamyl-tRNA by the sequential action of two enzymes, glutamyl-tRNA reductase (GluTR) and glutamate 1-semialdehyde aminotransferase. E. coli has two GluTR proteins with sizes of 45 kDa (GluTR46) and 85 kDa (GluTR85) (Jahn, D., Michelsen, U., and 5611, D. (1991...

The common precursor to all tetrapyrroles is 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA), and in Rhodobacter sphaeroides its formation occurs via the Shemin pathway. ALA synthase activity is encoded by two differentially regulated genes in R. sphaeroides 2.4.1: hemA and hemT. In our investigations of hemA regulation, we applied transposon mutagenesis under aerobic conditions, followed by a selection that ident...

The Bacillus subtilis hemAXCDBL operon encodes enzymes for the biosynthesis of uroporphyrinogen III from glutamyl-tRNA. The function of the hemX gene product was studied in this work. The deduced amino acid sequence suggests HemX to be an integral 32 kDa membrane protein. This was confirmed by experiments using Escherichia coli minicells and hemX-phoA gene fusions. Deletion of the hemX gene fro...

In the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 and in the enterobacterium Escherichia coli delta-amino-levulinic acid (ALA) is formed from glutamyl-tRNA by the sequential action of two enzymes, glutamyl-tRNA reductase (GluTR) and glutamate-1-semialdehyde aminotransferase. E. coli has two GluTR proteins with sizes of 45 kDa (GluTR45) and 85 kDa (GluTR85) (Jahn, D., Michelsen, U., and Söll, D. ...

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxicity of acrylic and methacrylic acid (AA and MA), propanoic acid and isobutylic acid (PRA and IBA) which were the corresponding saturated carboxylic acids, 2-hydroxylethyl methacrylate and acrylate (HEMA and HEA), and hydroquinone (HQ). The growth of the fibroblast when exposed to AA decreased with increase of the acid, and was less than whe...

Repeated selection of an adherent subpopulation from B16-F1 melanoma cells growing in suspension culture on poly(hydroxyethylmethacrylate) [poly(HEMA)] coated plates resulted in the isolation of an adherent variant designated B16-A10. B16-A10 cells are more adherent to poly(hydroxyethylmethacrylate) coated plates than are B16-F1 cells and express an organized actin structure characteristic of h...

5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is a precursor in the biosynthesis of tetrapyrroles including chlorophylls and heme. The formation of ALA involves two enzymatic steps which take place in the chloroplast in plants. The first enzyme, glutamyl-tRNA reductase, and the second enzyme, glutamate-1-semialdehyde-2,1-aminomutase, are encoded by the nuclear HEMA and GSA genes, respectively. To assess the sign...

Self-exploding microparticles show potential for advanced delivery of certain therapeutics. This study evaluates (1) whether degrading biodegradable dextran hydroxyethyl methacrylate (dex-HEMA) microgels can be coated by a lipid membrane and (2) whether the surrounding membrane can be ruptured by the increasing swelling pressure of the degrading microgel. We found that adsorption of charged lip...