Nonlocal symmetries are obtained for Maxwell’s equations in three space–time dimensions through the use of two potential systems involving scalar and vector potentials for the electromagnetic field. Corresponding nonlocal conservation laws are derived from these symmetries. The conservation laws yield nine functionally independent constants of motion which cannot be expressed in terms of the co...

Economics Senior Honors Thesis 2 Introduction: Drinking and Driving is an important problem within the United States. In 2004, 16,694 drivers died in alcohol related accidents and some estimate that driving drunk increases the likelihood of an accident by over seven times. 1 National attention to this problem began early, around the time of prohibition. Modern regulations originated in 1964, wh...

Mismatch of territories under authority of local governments with urban-regional activity domains, on one hand, has caused numerous problems and, on the other hand, has hindered taking maximum advantage of regional capacities and partial and competitive advantages. Hence, application of a new regionalism approach, which focuses on shared planning and management by all stakeholder groups within ...

Political sectarianism is a concern for several countries, but it especially prevalent within the United States. Concerns grow over political polarization due to how strongly Democrats and Republicans ideologically diverge on values policy goals. Due rise of polarizing issues like COVID-19 new technologies that provide additional platforms spread information, divides in America have increased a...

One of the longest running questions that has been regularly included in Gallup’s national public opinion poll is “Do you favor or oppose the death penalty for persons convicted of murder?” Because the death penalty is governed by state laws rather than federal laws, it is of special interest to know how public opinion varies by state, and how it has changed over time within each state. In this...

protection of a sound environment is one of the most contravertioal issues of the legal and political world, and different letters are provided in this regard. but in respect of how to implement the aim of promoting and protecting the environment, the governments have utilized different legal instruments; the last of which is the concept of liability for environmental damages. level in which di...

Much disability based discrimination occurs because of fears that hiring or serving people with disabilities will pose a safety risk. Disability rights laws such as the ADA strictly regulate such risk-motivated discrimination. Many disability rights advocates and academic defenders of the ADA laud such laws as applying a "scientific" approach to risk rather than the "irrational" approach genera...

This paper explores the role played by press regulation in selecting the information mass media deliver to voters. The focus is on whether press regulation can reduce political corruption and increase voters’ welfare. By endogenizing the response of the voters to information from the media, we clarify under which circumstances regulation reduces or increases corruption. We show that punitive la...