Solid substrate cultures of moulds behave in quite a difTerent way to conventional submerged cultures. Catabolic repression often observed in submerged fermentation can easily be overcome by using solid state fermentation. A. niger strains can be grown by SSF technique with the following advantages: enzyme titres and productivity are usually higher; there is a tendency to early enzyme excretion...

The effects of lactose, galactose, glucose, and glucose combined with galactose on the induction of β–galactosidase by IPTG in Escherichia coli strain VC10, growing in a glycerol media, were compared against a control of glycerol plus IPTG. After inducing β– galactosidase production with the IPTG, the cultures were altered with the addition of one of the above carbohydrates or combinations. Thi...

As work organizations become increasingly gender diverse, existing theoretical models have failed to explain why such diversity can have a negative impact on idea generation. Using evidence from two group experiments, this paper tests theory on the effects of imposing a political correctness (PC) norm, one that sets clear expectations for how men and women should interact, on reducing interacti...

This paper studies the political economy of fertility. Specifically, I argue that fertility may be a strategic choice for ethnic groups engaged in redistributive conflict. I first present a simple conflict model where high fertility is optimal for each ethnic group if and only if the economy’s ethnic diversity is high and/or institutions are weak. I then test the model in a cross-national datas...

Decision making often entails conflict. In many situations, the symptoms of such decisional conflict are conspicuous. This article explores an important and unexamined question: How does observing someone else experiencing decisional conflict impact our own preferences? The authors show that observing others’ emotional conflict and agony over an impending decision makes the observer’s preferenc...

nowadays, media is under domination of political regime & capitalist system that leads media to unsuitable status and malfunctions. so there is not any reasonable definition of ideal function. rate of social changes challenges any interaction between media & social context. discursive point of view reveals media identification crisis & its instrumental function. considering media competencies &...

stewardship is not a new concept for public policy, but has not been used to its optimum by the health policy-makers. although it is being practiced in most successful models of health system, but the onus to this function is still due till date. lately, few experts in world health organization (who) have realized its importance and have been raising the issue at different platforms to pursue t...

One of the aims of spatial political management is to increase access to social and economic services to all residents in an area in order to enhance their satisfaction. There is a great space in the action that has a broad scope.  If the spatial political organization implemented in a country is unable to organize such services in a condensed manner, it will face reduced efficiency and la...

This paper discusses the key political, anthropological and socio-cultural functions of political myths in the appearance and functioning of totalitarian regimes. A special emphasis is put on structural elements of the myth (mythemes) and the mythic content (narratives) in the processes of artificial construction of a new society (community) based on the myth-inspired ideological postulates. Th...