Many commerce websites post privacy policies to address Internet shoppers’ privacy concerns. However, few users read or understand them. Iconic privacy indicators may make privacy policies more accessible and easier for users to understand: in this paper, we examine whether the timing and placement of online privacy indicators impact Internet users’ browsing and purchasing decisions. We conduct...

A computing policy is a sequence of rules, where each rule consists of a predicate and a decision, and where each decision is either “accept” or “reject”. A policy P is said to accept (or reject, respectively) a request iif the decision of the first rule in P , that matches the request is “accept” (or “reject”, respectively). Examples of computing policies are firewalls, routing policies and so...

the impact of legislative on the formulation of/ and or decision-making in various countries are different. in this article, a primary attempt is made to survey this impact, from both legalist prism and theoretical. in the second subsection of the paper, a historical account was presented. in this historical account, the legislative role in foreign policy of a few countries was surveyed.

This paper considers a two stages pharmaceutical supply chain (PSC) consisting of a pharmaceutical manufacturer (pharma-manufacturer) that supplies one type of pharmaceutical product to a pharma-retailer. The customer demand rate for the pharmaceutical product is dependent on the pharma-retailer’s current-inventory level. The pharma-retailer determines the order quantity ( ) value as decision v...

Many decision-making problems can be formulated in the framework of a partially observable Markov decision process (POMDP) [5]. The optimality of decisions relies on the accuracy of the POMDP model as well as the policy found for the model. In many applications the model is unknown and learned empirically based on experience, and building a model is just as difficult as finding the associated p...

We present an anytime algorithm which computes policies for decision problems represented as multi-stage influence diagrams. Our algorithm constructs policies incrementally, starting from a policy which makes no use of the available information. The incremental process constructs policies which includes more of the information available to the decision maker at each step. While the process conv...

In this paper, a discount model is proposed to coordinate pricing and ordering decisions in a two-echelon supply chain (SC). Demand is stochastic and price sensitive while lead times are fixed. Decentralized decision making where downstream decides on selling price and order size is investigated. Then, joint pricing and ordering decisions are extracted where both members act as a single entity ...

In this research, we study an optimal overhaul–replacement policy of a multi-degraded repairable system sold with a free replacement warranty. In the proposed replacement policy, a maintenance action and failure are dependent on a system degradation level and the system age, and hence the replacement model will provide more effective maintenance decisions. Failure of the system is modeled using...