introduction wedge modifiers are commonly applied in external beam radiotherapy to change the dose distribution corresponding to the body contour and to obtain a uniform dose distribution within the target volume. since the radiation dose delivered to the target must be within ±5% of the prescribed dose, accurate dose calculation by a treatment planning system (tps) is important. the objective ...

background: practice of interventional cardiology procedures such as coronary angiography (ca) and percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (ptca) has largely increased in recent years and is now changing to a matter of routine in many hospitals. the purpose of this study was to measure skin and organ doses in patients undergoing ca and ptca and to find a probable relation with cardiologi...

We study a coarse-grained model for a water monolayer that cannot crystallize due to the presence of confining interfaces, such as protein powders or inorganic surfaces. Using both Monte Carlo simulations and mean field calculations, we calculate three response functions: the isobaric specific heat C(P), the isothermal compressibility K(T), and the isobaric thermal expansivity α(P). At low temp...

Recently it has been proposed that gluon scattering amplitudes in gauge theory can be computed from the D-instanton expansion of the topological B-model on P, although only maximally helicity violating (MHV) amplitudes have so far been obtained from a direct B-model calculation. In this note we compute the simplest non-MHV gluon amplitudes (++−−− and +−+−−) from the B-model as an integral over ...

Twelve ASA physical status I-III patients were enrolled in a double-blind, prospective, randomized, three-way, within-patient crossover study designed to determine the effect of two standard esmolol bolus doses (100 and 200 mg) on the haemodynamic response and seizure duration during electro-convulsive therapy (ECT). Esmolol or placebo was administered one minute prior to induction of anaesthes...